The  Missionary 


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MANUAL  AND 


OF  THE 


Moravian  Church. 


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The  Missionary 


MANUAL  AND  DIRECTORY 


OF  THE 


UNITAS  FRATRUM 


OR  THE 


Moravian  Church. 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE  SOCIETY  OF  THE  UNITED  BRETHREN  FOR 
PROPAGATINO  THE  GOSPEL  AMONG  THE  HEATHEN. 


BETHLEHEM; 

MORAVIAN  PUBLICATION  OFFICE. 

1880. 


PREFATORY  NOTE. 


The  Missionary  Manual  and  Directory  of  the  Unitas  Fratrum,  pub¬ 
lished  in  accordance  with  a  resolution  adopted  by  the  Society  for 
Propagating  the  Gospel  among  the  Heathen  at  its  last  annual  meeting, 
designs  to  give  a  brief  but  complete  account  of  the  Moravian  Foreign 
Missions  in  each  department  of  their  work.  The  writer  is  under 
special  obligations  to  the  Rt.  Rev.  Levin  T.  Reichel,  of  the  Mission 
Board,  at  Berthelsdorf,  in  Saxony,  and  to  the  Rev.  Allan  Hamilton, 
who  spent  many  years  in  the  service  of  the  West  Indian  Mission,  now 
of  Lititz,  Pa.,  for  valuable  information  and  important  documents. 

Bethlehem,  Pa.,  April  21,  1875. 


CONTENTS. 


Section  I. — The  Church  and  the  Origin  of  its  Missions .  5 

Section  IT. — Unsuccessfue  Missions . 6 

Section  III. — Existing  Missions .  8 

Section  IV. — The  Stations  and  Their  Missionaries  .  13 

Section  V. — The  Converts  and  Their  Classes .  19 

Section  VI. — Educational  Enterprises  . 21 

Section  VII.— Government  and  Financial  Management .  24 

Section  VIII. — The  Finances  . 25 

Section  IX. — Missionary  Literature .  30 

Section  X. — Missionary  Institutions .  33 

Section  XI. — Alphabetical  List  and  P.  O.  Addresses .  35 


SECTION  I. 

THE  CHURCH  AND  THE  ORIGIN  OF  ITS  FOREIGN  MISSIONS. 

The  Unitas  Fratrum,  or  tlie  Moravian  Church,  as  it  is  com¬ 
monly  called,  was  founded  in  Bohemia,  in  the  year  1457,  by  fol¬ 
lowers  of  John  Huss,  the  Bohemian  Reformer  and  Martyr.  It 
soon  spread  to  Moravia,  and  subsequently  to  Poland.  In  spite  of 
frequent  and  severe  persecutions,  it  flourished  in  Bohemia  and 
Moravia  for  a  century  and  three  quarters,  and  was  then  forcibly 
overthrown  by  Ferdinand  II,  a  bigoted  Romanist,  in  the  so-called 
Bohemian  Anti-reformation,  at  the  beginning  of  the  Thirty  Years^ 
War.  About  the  same  time,  the  Polish  branch  amalgamated  with  . 
the  Reformed  Church  of  that  country.  A  large  part  of  the  Bohe¬ 
mian  and  Moravian  membership,  however,  found  refuge  in  Poland, 
Hungary,  and  some  other  lands,  and  kept  up  their  Church  until 
1656,  when  Lissa,  in  Poland,  the  seat  of  their  ecclesiastical  govern¬ 
ment,  was  destroyed  in  a  war  with  Sweden.  After  this,  the  colony 
of  Brethren  which  had  been  living  there  scattered,  and  their  other 
parishes  were  gradually  lost  among  the  Lutherans  and  the  Re¬ 
formed.  Their  episcopate,  however,  was  carefully  preserved,  in 
the  event  of  a  resuscitation  of  their  Church,  and  a  ^‘hidden  seed’^ 
remained  in  Bohemia  and  Moravia. 

In  1722,  some  descendants  of  the  Brethren  belonging  to  this 
^‘hidden  seed’^  emigrated  to  an  estate  of  Count  Zinzendorf  in 
Saxony,  and  founded  Herrnhut,  which  grew  to  be  a  flourishing 
settlement,  and  where  the  Church  was  subsequently  renewed,  by 
the  introduction  of  the  ancient  discipline  and  episcopate  (1735). 

Prior  to  this  event,  in  1732,  when  the  colony  at  Herrnhut  num¬ 
bered  but  six  hundred  souls,  the  first  two  Missionaries  to  foreign 
lands  were  sent  forth.  On  the  twenty-first  of  August,  of  that  year, 
David  Nitschmann,  afterward  the  first  Bishop  of  the  Renewed 
Church,  and  Leonhard  Dober,  set  out  for  the  Island  of  St.  Thomas, 
each  with  six  dollars  in  his  pocket,  determined  to  sell  themselves 
as  slaves  if  there  were  no  other  way  of  preaching  the  Gospel  to  the 
negroes.  God  laid  His  blessing  upon  the  missionary  work  which 
grew  out  of  this  humble  beginning.  It  increased  very  rapidly, 

2 


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MISSIONARY  MANUAL  ANI>  DIRECTORY 


and  has  always  remained  the  chief  undertaking  of  the  Moravian 
Church.  At  the  time  when  it  was  inaugurated  there  were  but 
three  other  missionary  enterprises  carried  on  by  the  Protestant 
Church  among  the  heathen,  namely,  the  Lutheran  Mission  in 
Greenland,  the  Lutheran  Mission  in  the  East  Indies,  and  the 
Missions  of  the  Anglican  Society  for  propagating  the  Gospel  in 
foreign  parts’’  among  the  North  American  Indians  and  elsewhere. 


SECTION  II. 

UNSUCCESSFUL  MISSIONS. 

Some  of  the  Moravian  Missions  proved  unsuccessful  and  were 
abandoned  from  time  to  time. 

Lapland. — In  1734  and  1735,  an  attempt  was  made  by  Andrew’ 
Grassman,  Daniel  Schneider,  and  John  Nitschmann,  to  establish  a 
Mission  among  the  Swedish  Laplanders,  but  relinquished  again, 
because  they  were  found  to  be  under  the  supervision  of  the  Lutheran 
State  Church. 

Shores  of  the  Arctic  Ocean. — In  1737  and  1738,  Andrew 
Grassman,  Daniel  Schneider,  and  Micksh  proceeded  to  Archangel, 
in  order  to  begin  a  Mission  among  the  Samoyedes  on  the  shores 
of  the  Arctic  Ocean.  But  the  Missionaries  were  arrested  and 
thrown  into  prison,  falsely  charged  with  being  Swedish  spies^  and 
after  an  imprisonment  of  five  weeks  conveyed  to  St.  Petersburg, 
where  they  were  examined,  and,  their  innocence  having  been  estab¬ 
lished,  sent  back  to  Germany. 

Algiers. — In  1740,  Ehrenfried  Richter,  at  one  time  a  wealthy 
merchant  of  Stralsund,  but  subsequently  a  resident  of  Herrnhut, 
felt  constrained,  although  far  advanced  in  years,  to  undertake  a 
Mission  among  the  Christian  slaves  of  Algiers,  where  he  labored 
with  great  zeal  and  some  success  until  he  was  carried  off  by  the 
plague,  five  months  after  his  arrival. 

Ceylon. — In  1740,  David  Nitschmann,  known  as  the  Syndic, 
and  subsequently  a  Bishop  of  the  Church,  accompanied  by  Dr. 
Eller,  of  Berlin,  inaugurated  a  Mission  among  the  natives  of  Cey¬ 
lon,  which  work,  however,  just  when  it  began  to  prosper,  was 


OF  THE  MOKAVIAN  CHURCH. 


7 


relinquished  on  account  of  the  persistent  opposition  of  the  colonial 
authorities  and  the  Dutch  clergy. 

Guinea. — In  1737,  Christian  Protten,  a  converted  mulatto  and 
native  of  Guinea,  together  with  Henry  Hukuff,  undertook  a  Mis¬ 
sion  on  that  coast.  HukuflP  died  and  Protten  met  with  no  success. 
Hence  the  work  was  abandoned  in  1741.  In  1767,  however,  it 
was  renewed  and  continued  until  1770,  in  which  period  nine  Mis¬ 
sionaries  were  sent  out,  who  all  died,  so  that  the  enterprise  was 
hnally  given  up. 

Persia. — In  1747,  Dr.  Frederick  William  Hooker  and  Dr.  J. 
Pueffer  attempted  a  Mission  among  the  Guebres,  or  the  so-called 
fire-worshippers,  of  Persia,  which  country  they  penetrated  as  far 
as  Ispahan.  They  could,  however,  effect  nothing,  and  abandoned 
the  field  in  1748.  On  their  way  home,  Pueffer  died  at  Damietta, 
in  Egypt. 

Egypt. — From  1752  to  1783,  three  attempts  were  made  by 
Hooker,  George  Pilder,  John  Danke,  and  John  Antes,  to  begin  a 
Mission  in  Abyssinia ;  but,  in  each  case,  they  could  penetrate  no 
farther  than  Egypt,  where  some  of  them  labored  among  the  Copts, 
especially  at  Benesse,  on  the  Nile.  Owing  to  a  want  of  success  in 
this  work  and  political  disturbances,  the  field  was  abandoned  in 
1783. 

East  Indies. — In  this  country  a  Mission  was  carried  on  for 
thirty-seven  years,  from  1759  to  1796,  and  stations  were  estab¬ 
lished  at  the  so-called  Brethren’s  Garden”  near  Tranquebar,  at 
Serampore,  at  Patna,  and  on  the  Nicobar  Islands.  But  the  work 
did  not  prosper,  the  cost  of  it  was  enormous,  and  the  mortality 
among  the  Missionaries  and  Moravian  settlers  very  great,  nearly 
forty  of  them  being  carried  off  by  disease.  Hence  this  enterprise 
was  finally  given  up  in  1796. 

The  Countries  of  the  Calmucks. — For  more  than  half  a 
century,  from  1768  to  1823,  repeated  attempts  were  made  to  begin 
Missions  among  the  Calmucks,  but  they  all  proved  unsuccessful. 

Demerara. — In  1835,  a  Mission  was  established  among  the 
aborigines  and  negroes  of  Demerara,  British  Guiana,  South  America, 
but  abandoned  in  1840. 


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MISSIONARY  MANUAL  AND  DIRECTORY 


SECTION  III. 

EXISTING  MISSIONS. 

The  Foreign  Missions,  as  they  exist  at  the  present  time,  are 
divided  into  the  following  sixteen  Missionary  Provinces 

1.  Greenland. — The  Mission  in  Greenland  was  begun  in 
1733,  by  Matthew  Stach,  Christian  Stach,  and  Christian  David. 
Kajarnak,  the  first  convert,  was  baptized  March  30,  1739. 

Statistics. — Stations,  4;  Missionaries,  2^;  Native  Lay  Readers,  ii; 
National  Assistants,  jy;  National  Female  Assistants,  ly;  Normal  Male 
Classes,  4;  Pupils,  24;  Station  Schools,  g ;  Schools  not  at  Stations,  24; 
Pupils,  j8o;  Sunday-schools,  2 ;  Converts,  iyg4. 

2.  Labrador. — Three  exploratory  visits  were  paid  to  Labrador, 
in  1752,  1764,  and  1765.  The  Mission  proper  was  begun  in  1770, 
by  Jens  Haven,  Drachart,  Jensen,  and  seven  others.  In  1771, 
Nain,  the  first  station,  was  founded,  and  in  1776,  February  19th, 
Kingminguse,  the  first  convert,  baptized. 

Statistics. — Stations,  6;  Missionaries,  jy;  Missionary  Traders,  12; 
Native  Lay  Readers,  12 ;  National  Assistants,  ig ;  National  Female 
Assistants,  ly  ;  Male  Nor7?ial  Classes,  j  ;  Pupils,  12  ;  Station  Schools, 
6;  Pupils,  261;  Converts,  iiyi. 

3.  North  America. — A  Mission  among  the  Indians,  begun, 
after  some  unsuccessful  preliminary  attempts  in  Georgia,  in  1740, 
by  Christian  Henry  Rauch,  among  the  Mohicans  and  Wam- 
panoags  of  New  York.  The  first  three  converts,  Shabash,  Seim, 
and  Kiop,  were  baptized  February  11,  1742,  in  the  presence  of 
Count  Zinzendorf,  on  the  occasion  of  a  Union  Synod  held  at  Oley, 
Pennsylvania.  Missions  were  subsequently  established  in  Connec¬ 
ticut,  East  and  West  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Michigan,  and  Canada. 
The  work  flourished  until  1782,  when  nearly  one  hundred  Moravian 
Indians  were  massacred,  in  cold  blood,  by  a  company  of  American 
rangers,  at  Gnadenhuetten,  in  Ohio.  This  was  a  death  blow  to  the 
Mission,  which  has  languished  ever  since.  It  embraces  stations  in 
Canada,  Kansas,  and  the  Cherokee  Country. 

Statistics. — Stations,  4;  Missionaries,  8;  Native  Lay  Readers,  i ; 
National  Assistants,  6;  National  Female  Assistants,  y;  Statio?i  Schools, 
2;  Pupils,  yj;  Converts,  420  > 


OF  THE  MORAVIAN  CHURCH. 


9 


4.  St.  Thomas  and  St.  John. — The  Mission  in  St.  Thomas 
was  the  first  one  established  by  the  Church,  David  Nitschmann 
and  Leonhard  Dober  being  its  founders,  in  1732.  On  the  30th 
of  September,  1736,  the  first  three  converts  were  baptized.  The 
Mission  in  St.  John  was  begun  in  1741,  and  the  first  two  converts 
were  baptized  February  14,  1745. 

Statistics. — Stations^  5;  Missio7iarieSy  ii;  Native  Assistant  Mission¬ 
ary^  I ;  Native  Lay  Readers^  i ;  National  Assista/its,  25  ;  National 
Female  Assistants,  30;  Station  Schools,  5;  Schools  not  at  Stations,  4; 
Pupils,  609;  Sunday  Schools,  6;  Pupils,  1C44;  Co7iverts,  2451. 

5.  St.  Croix. — A  number  of  Moravian  emigrants  from  Herrn- 
hut  arrived  on  this  Island  in  1733,  under  the  leadership  of  Tobias 
Leopold.  One  half  of  them  died  a  few  months  later.  Additional 
settlers  came  out  in  1735,  the  most  of  whom  died  soon  after,  as  did 
also  Leopold  himself.  Frederick  Martin  and  George  Weber  began 
the  first  regular  Mission  in  1740,  which  was,  however,  relinquished 
in  1742.  In  the  following  year  it  was  renewed,  through  the  exer¬ 
tions  of  Frederick  Martin.  After  that  the  work  prospered.  The 
first  four  converts  were  baptized,  on  the  plantation  Princess,  July 
12th,  1744. 

Statistics. — Stations,  3;  Missionaries,  6;  Native  Assistant  Mission¬ 
ary,  i;  Native  Lay  Readers,  i;  National  Assistants,  39;  National  Fe¬ 
male  Assistants,  29;  Station  Schools,  3;  Pupils,  262;  Sunday  Schools, 
7’;  Pupils,  1024;  Converts,  2347. 

6.  Jamaica. — The  Mission  in  Jamaica  was  begun,  in  1754,  by 
Zacharias  George  Caries,  whose  assistants  were  Habrecht  and 
Schalleross.  The  first  two  converts  were  baptized  on  the  27th  of 
April,  1755. 

Statistics. — Stations,  14;  Preachmg  Places,  ij  Missionaries,  29; 
Native  Missionaries,  6 ;  Native  Assistant  Missionary,  i ;  Native  Lay 
Readers,  13;  National  As sista7its,  142;  National  Fe/nale  Assistants,  8^; 
Theological  Seminary  for  Native  Missionaries,  i;  Nor7nal  Schools,  2; 
Pupils,  25;  Station  Schools,  21;  Schools  not  at  Stations,  33;  Pupils, 
3780;  Su7tday  Schools,  18;  Pupils,  3957;  Converts,  13,414. 

7.  Antigua. — The  Mission  in  Antigua  was  begun  by  Samuel 
Isles,  in  1756,  who  baptized  the  first  convert  in  the  same  year. 
After  his  death,  the  work  languished  until  the  arrival  of  Peter 
Brown,  in  1769,  who  labored  with  great  success  for  twenty-two 
years. 

Statistics. — Statio7is,  8;  Preachmg  Places,  i;  Missionaries,  14; 
Native  Missio7iaries ,  4 ;  Native  Assistant  Missiotiaries,  i ;  Native 


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MISSIONARY  MANUAL  AND  DIRECTORY 


Lay  Readers,  8;  National  Assistants,  74;  National  Remale  Assistants, 
82;  Normal  School  for  Girls,  i;  Pupils,  7;  Station  Schools,  14; 
Schools  not  at  Stations,  5;  Pupils,  i486;  Sunday  Schools,  15;  Pupils, 
1, 688;  Converts,  6163. 

8.  St.  Kitts. — The  Mission  in  St.  Kitts  was  begun,  in  1777,  by 
Gottwald  and  Birkby ;  and  the  first  converts  were  baptized  on  the 
14th  of  November,  1779. 

Statistics. — Stations,  4;  Missionaries,  8;  Native  Missionaries,  2; 
Native  Lay  Readers,  7 ;  National  Assistants,  32 ;  National  Female 
Assistants,  41;  Station  Schools,  5;  Schools  not  at  Stations,  3;  Pupils, 
691;  Sunday  Schools,  5;  Pupils,  1802;  Converts,  3155. 

9.  Barbados. — The  Mission  in  Barbados  was  begun,  in  1767^ 
by  Brukshaw  and  Bennet,  and  the  first  converts  were  baptized  in 
the  following  year. 

Statistics. — Stations,  4;  Missionaries,  4;  Native  Missionaries,  2; 
Native  Lay  Readers,  15;  Natio7ial  Assistants,  28;  Natio7ial  Female 
Assistants,  28;  Station  Schools,  8;  Schools  not  at  Stations,  8;  Pupils, 
1732;  Sunday  Schools,  6;  Pupils,  742/  Converts,  2505. 

10.  Tobago. — The  first  Mission  in  this  Island  was  undertaken, 
in  1787,  by  John  Montgomery,  the  father  of  the  poet,  James 
Montgomery,  but  relinquished  in  1791.  The  work  was  renewed, 
in  1799,  by  Schirmer  and  Church,  but  again  abandoned  in  1803. 
A  third  attempt  was  made  in  1827,  by  Peter  Ricksecker,  and 
proved  successful. 

Statistics. — Stations,  2;  Preaching  Places,  2;  Missionaries,  4; 
Native  Assistant  Missionaries,  i;  Native  Lay  Readers,  8;  National 
Assistants,  38;  National  Female  Assistants,  26;  Station  Schools,  4; 
Schools  not  at  Stations,  3;  Pupils,  734;  Sunday  Schools,  7/  Pupils, 
70 1 ;  Converts,  2139. 

11.  Mosquitia. — In  1847,  J.  G.  Pfeiffer  and  Amadeus  A. 
Reinke,  from  Jamaica,  paid  an  exploratory  visit  to  this  coast ;  and 
in  1849  the  Mission  was  begun  by  the  former.  In  the  same  year, 
on  the  28th  of  October,  the  first  convert  was  baptized. 

Statistics. — Stations,  6;  Missionaries,  14;  Native  Missionaries,  2; 
Native  Assistant  Missionaries,  i ;  Native  Lay  Readers,  3 ;  National 
Assistants,  4;  National  Female  Assistants,  2;  Station  Schools ,  C,  Pupils, 
244;  Sunday  Schools ,  Pupils,  2,1  Converts,  ()2 4. 

12.  Surinam. — The  first  missionary  undertaking  in  Surinam 
was  begun  in  1735,  and  relinquished  in  1745. 

Meanwhile  John  Giittner  and  Lewis  Christopher  Dahne  inaugu¬ 
rated  a  Mission  among  the  Arrawak  Indians  of  the  Colony,  which 


OF  THE  MORAVIAN  CHURCH. 


11 


work  was  continued,  with  great  success,  by  Solomon  Schumann, 
who  bears  the  title  of  Apostle  of  the  Arrawak  Indians.”  In 
the  course  of  time,  however,  it  began  to  languish,  and  in  1808  it 
was  abandoned. 

The  Mission  among  the  negroes,  on  the  contrary,  which  was 
renewed  in  the  city  of  Paramaribo,  where  the  first  convert  was 
baptized  in  1776,  increased  rapidly,  and  constitutes,  at  present,  one 
of  the  most  flourishing  of  the  Missionary  Provinces. 

The  Mission  among  the  Bush-negroes  was  begun  in  1765,  and 
the  first  convert  baptized  in  1771.  On  account  of  the  deadly 
character  of  the  climate,  this  enterprise  frequently  came  to  an 
end.  It  was,  however,  always  renewed,  and  is  carried  on,  at  the 
present  time,  by  visiting  Missionaries  from  the  Colony,  who  are 
zealously  supported  by  a  converted  native  chief,  named  John  King. 

Statistics. — Stations,  13;  Preaching  Places,  2;  Missionaries,  67; 
Native  Lay  Readers,  333  National  Assistants,  192;  National  Female 
Assistants,  183;  Normal  School  for  Boys,  i;  Pupils,  14;  Station  Schools, 
15;  Schools  not  at  Stations,  5;  Pupils,  2079;  Sunday  Schools,  2; 
Pupils,  24;  Converts,  23,576. 

13.  South  African  Western  Province. — This  Mission  was 
begun  by  George  Schmidt,  in  1736,  who  baptized  the  first  Hottentot 
convert  in  1741,  giving  him  the  name  of  Joshua.  In  1743,  the  Co¬ 
lonial  Government  forbid  him  to  baptize  any  more  natives,  and 
he  was  forced  to  return  to  Europe  in  the  following  year.  After 
the  lapse  of  forty-eight  years  the  Mission  was  renewed,  in  1792, 
by  Hendrick  Marsvelt,  John  Daniel  Schwin,  and  John  Christian 
Kuhnel.  The  first  seven  converts  of  this  renewed  Mission  were 
baptized  in  1793. 

Statistics. — Stations,  7;  Preaching  Places,  4;  Missionaries,  37; 
Native  Missionaries,  2;  Native  Assistant  Missionaries,  2 ;  Native  Lay 
Readers,  ii;  National  Assistants,  102;  National  Female  Assistants, 
65;  Normal  School  for  Boys,  i;  Pupils,  ii;  Station  Schools,  Pupils,  15; 
1910;  Sunday  Schools,  7;  Pupils,  217;  Converts,  7796. 

14.  South  African  Eastern  Province.  —  This  Mission 
among  the  Caflres  was  begun  in  1818.  The  first  Caflre  convert 
was  baptized  January  6,  1830. 

Statistics. — Stations,  6;  Preaching  Places,  2;  Missionaries,  20; 
Native  Assistant  Missionaries,  2;  Native  Lay  Readers,  8;  National 
Assistants,  24;  National  Female  Assistants,  18;  Station  Schools,  6; 
Schools  not  at  Stations,  2;  Pupils,  430;  Sunday  Schools,  7;  Pupils,  328; 
Convents,  1533. 


12 


MISSIONARY  MANUAL  AND  DIRECTORY 


15.  Australia. — The  Mission  in  Australia  was  begun  in  1849, 
by  Andrew  Frederick  Christian  Tager  and  Frederick  William 
Spieseke,  but  again  abandoned  in  1856.  In  1858,  it  was  renewed 
by  Spieseke  and  Hagenauer,  and  the  first  converts,  Nathaniel 
Pepper,  was  baptized  on  the  18th  of  January,  1860. 

Statistics.  — Stations^  2 ;  Missionaries,  6 ;  Native  Lay  Readers,  2 ; 
National  Female  Assistants,  i ;  Station  Schools,  3 ;  Pupils,  49 ;  Sunday 
Schools,  3;  Pupils,  88;  Converts,  136. 

16.  West  Himalaya,  or  Central  Asiatic  Province. — This 
is  a  Mission  among  the  mountains  of  Thibet  begun,  in  1853,  by 
John  Edward  Pagell  and  Augustus  William  Heyde,  who  were 
joined  by  Henry  Augustus  Jaeschke  in  1857.  The  first  four  con¬ 
verts  were  baptized  in  1865. 

Statistics. — Stations,  2;  Missionaries,  6;  Station  Schools,  i;  Schools 
not  at  Stations ,  C,  Pupils,  186;  Converts,  18. 

Summary. — Missionary  Provinces .  16 

Stations .  92 

Preaching  Places . 12 

Missionaries  from  Europe  and  America : 

Male . . . 155 

Female . 150 

-  305 

Native  Missionaries : 

Male .  9 

Female .  9 

-  18 

Native  Assistant  Missionaries .  to 

Native  Lay  Readers .  134 

National  Assistants : 

Male . 760 

Female . 629 

—  1,389 

Total  of  Missionaries  and  Assistant  Missionaries .  333 

Total  of  Native  Lay  Assistants .  i»523 

Total  of  Laborers .  1,856 

Theological  Seminaries .  i 

Normal  Schools .  7 

Total  of  Pupils  in  Normal  Schools .  93 

Total  of  Station  and  other  Schools .  215 

Total  of  Pupils .  14,886 

Total  of  Sunday  Schools .  94 

Total  of  Pupils .  12,062 

Total  of  Converts .  69,322 


OF  THE  MORAVIAN  CHURCH. 


SECTION  IV. 

THE  STATIONS  AND  THEIR  MISSIONARIES. 

Stations. — The  stations  are  complete  missionary  establishments, 
comprising  a  church,  or  a  chapel,  dwellings  for  the  Missionaries, 
and,  in  most  cases,  school-houses.  In  some  instances,  as,  for  ex¬ 
ample,  at  Genadendal,  in  South  Africa,  they  are  surrounded  by 
villages  of  converts. 

Missionaries. — The  Missionaries,  who  come  from  the  three 
Provinces  of  the  Unitas  Fratrum,  namely,  the  German,  the  British, 
and  the  American,  are  appointed  by  the  Mission  Board,  except 
those  laboring  among  the  North  American  Indians,  who  receive 
their  appointment  either  from  the  Provincial  Board  at  Bethlehem, 
Pennsylvania,  or  from  that  at  Salem,  North  Carolina.  The  wives 
of  the  Missionaries  take  part  in  the  work,  by  visiting  the  families 
of  the  converts,  and,  especially,  by  filling  stated  appointments  at 
the  Mission  Houses  for  religious  conversation  with  the  female  por¬ 
tion  of  the  membership.  They  are,  consequently,  reckoned  among 
the  laborers,  and  receive  a  regular  vocation  from  the  Mission 
Board.  Such  woman’s  work  has  been  found  to  be  an  important 
means  of  developing  the  spiritual  life  of  the  Mission  Churches,  and 
has  been  crowned  with  great  success. 

Native  Agency. — At  the  same  time,,  efforts  are  made  to  train 
a  native  agency.  This  is  divided  into  the  following  classes  ; 
sionarieSy  Assistant  Missionaries y  Lay  ReaderSy  National  Assistants 
or  Helpers,^  as  they  are  technically  termed. 

Native  Missionaries. —  Native  Missionaries  and  Assistant 
Missionaries  are  appointed  by  the  Mission  Board,  and  stand  on  the 
same  footing  as  Missionaries  and  Assistant  Missionaries  from 
Europe  and  America.  At  the  present  time,  there  are  nine  Native 
Missionaries,  seven  in  the  West  Indies,  one  in  Mosquitia,  and  one 
in  South  Africa;  and  ten  unordained  Native  Assistant  Mission¬ 
aries,  five  in  the  West  Indies,  one  in  Mosquitia,  and  four  in  South 
Africa.  In  the  list  of  Stations  and  Missionaries  which  follows, 
the  names  of  the  Native  Missionaries  and  Assistant  Missionaries, 
as  far  as  we  have  been  able  to  ascertain  them,  are  printed  in  italics, 
3 


14 


MISSIONARY  MANUAL  AND  DIRECTORY 


Lay  Readers. — These  are  National  Assistants  (see  below)  of 
superior  qualifications  licensed  by  a  Mission  Conference  (see  below) 
as  Bible  readers  and  leaders  of  cottage  meetings.  At  such  meet¬ 
ings,  which  are  held  at  the  houses  of  the  converts,  the  exercises 
consist  of  singing,  reading  of  the  Scriptures,  prayer,  and  short 
addresses.  The  Lay  Readers  devote  one  or  two  days  of  each 
week  to  this  work,  and  receive  a  small  compensation  wherever 
special  funds  are  available. 

National  Assistants  or  Helpers.* — These  constitute  an  im¬ 
portant  body  of  native  laborers.  They  are  appointed  by  the  Mis¬ 
sion  Conference  (see  below),  and  receive  no  compensation.  As 
a  general  thing,  each  one  has  his  own  district.  Their  duties  are 
the  following :  to  visit  the  converts  from  house  to  house  and  make 
themselves  acquainted  with  their  spiritual  progress ;  to  call  upon 
the  sick  and  report  them  to  the  Missionaries  :  to  labor  among  such 
heathens  as  they  meet  with  and  bring  them  to  the  notice  of  the  Mis¬ 
sionaries  ;  to  exhort  those  converts  who  neglect  the  means  of  grace 
and  report  such  cases  to  the  Missionaries ;  to  settle  differences  and 
disagreements  among  their  people,  and,  in  case  they  do  not  succeed 
in  doing  this,  to  call  in  the  aid  of  the  Missionaries ;  to  urge  on 
the  attention  of  parents  the  duty  of  sending  their  children  to 
school ;  and  to  go  after  those  who  are  under  church-discipline  and 
entreat  them  to  forsake  their  sins  and  return  to  Jesus.  At  stated 
times  the  Assistants  meet  with  the  Missionaries  and  bring  in  their 
reports.  In  some  Missions  printed  Instructions  for  their  work  are 
distributed  among  them;  The  Female  Assistants  labor  among 
their  own  sex. 

Mission  Conferences. — Such  Conferences  have  been  estab¬ 
lished  in  a  majority  of  the  Missions,  and  consist  of  all  the  Mission¬ 
aries  belonging  to  a  Province,  who  meet  in  order  to  consider  and 
discuss  the  progress  and  necessities  of  the  Mission,  adopting  such 
resolutions  as  the  case  calls  for,  and  in  order  to  strengthen  one 
another  in  the  Lord.  The  Conferences  are  subordinate  to  the 
Mission  Board,  without  whose  consent  no  new  measures  of  import¬ 
ance  can  be  carried  out. 

Helpers^  Conference. — In  some  of  the  larger  Missionary 

*  “  Great  Priscilla  and  Aquila  my  helpers  in  Christ  Jesus.  Salute  Urbane  our 
helper  in  Christ.” — Romans  16,  3  and  9. 


/ 


OF  THE  MORAVIAN  CHURCH. 


15 


Provinces,  besides  the  Mission  Conferences,  and  in  place  of 
them,  where  the  stations  are  so  far  apart  as  to  render  frequent 
meetings  of  the  Missionaries  impossible,  there  exist  so-called 
Helpers’  Conferences,”  composed  of  the  older  and  more  experi¬ 
enced  laborers  and  forming  the  Advisory  Board  of  the  Superin¬ 
tendent  and  Warden  (see  below).  Such  Conferences  oversee  the 
work,  audit  the  accounts,  and  assign  to  the  Missionaries,  sent  out 
by  the  Mission  Board,  their  respective  stations.  Wherever  Helpers’ 
Conferences  do  not  exist,  the  Mission  Conferences  make  such  ap¬ 
pointments. 

Wardens. — Many  of  the  Missions  have  Treasurers  of  their 
own,  who  bear  the  title  of  Warden,  devoting  themselves  particu¬ 
larly  to  the  financial  interests  of  the  work,  but  engaging  also  in 
the  ordinary  missionary  labors. 

Superintendents. — At  the  head  of  each  Missionary  Province 
stands  a  Superintendent.  His  duties  are  the  following :  to  preside 
at  the  Conferences ;  to  conduct  the  official  correspondence  with  the 
Mission  Board  ;  to  keep  himself  acquainted  with  the  circumstances 
of  each  Missionary  and  station  under  his  supervision ;  to  see  to  it 
that  there  be  no  departure  from  the  principles  according  to  which 
the  Mission  is  carried  on ;  and  to  represent  it  over  against  the 
local  authorities. 

Here  follows  a  list  of  the  Stations  and  their  Missionaries : 


Countries.  Stations. 

Greenland . LicJdenau .... 

<<  a 


ti  U 

“  . New  Herrnhut 

<(  ((  (( 

“  . Umanak . 

“  Lichtenfels . 

((  U 


(i  a 

“  . Igdlorpait . 

“  . Friedrichsthal 

*<  .  ‘t 

Labrador . Nain . . 


a 

t4 


a 

a 


(4 

<4 


a 


Ci  i4 


“  . Hoffenthal 

44  ii 


4  4 
44 


44 

44 


When  Founded.  Missionaries. 

. 1 774... Rev.  Henry  A.  Koegcl  and  wife,  Supt. 

.  “  ...  “  Matthew  Warmow  and  wife. 

.  “  ...  “  John  H.  Bindschedler  and  wife. 

. 1733...  “  Emmanuel  G.  Schneider  and  wife 

.  “  ...  “  Charles  J.  Spindeler  and  wife, 

. 1861...  “  Ferdinand  W.Schmiedecke  and  wife. 

. . 1758...  “  John  W.  Uellner  and  wife. 

.  “  ...  “  Martin  Starik  and  wife. 

.  “  ...Adolphus  Riegel,  Assistant. 

. 1864. ..Rev.  John  C.  A.  Hilbig  and  wife. 

. 1824...  “  Charles  F.  A.  Gericke  and  wife. 

.  “  ...  “  Charles  L.  C.  Arnstadt  and  wife. 

. . 1771  •••  “  J.  Henry  Theodore  Bourquin  and 

wife.  Superintendent. 

.  “  ...  “  Peter  P.  Dam  and  wife. 

.  “  ...  “  John  H.  Meili  and  wife. 

.  “  ...Constantine  Heller,  Assistant. 

.  “  ...Charles  Linder,  Inspector  of  Trade. 

.  “  ... - Haugk,  Missionary  Trader. 

. 1782. ..Rev.  Frederick  T.  Weiler  and  wife. 

.  “  ...  “  Frederick  Rinderknecht  and  wife. 

.  “  “  Charles  F.  Kahle  and  wife. 

.  “  ...Ernst  H.  Ritter,  Assistant, 


16 


MISSIONARY  MANUAL  AND  DIRECTORY 


Countries. 

Stations. 

When  Foun 

Labrador . 

<( 

U 

a 

. 1776... 

<< 

u 

u 

u 

<C 

u 

n 

<i 

u 

(( 

....Hebron . 

(< 

(C 

ki 

<< 

u 

(( 

<( 

n 

Canada . 

. 1792.., 

Kansas . 

Cherokee  CouNTRY..Ae?o  Spring  Place . 

..Wood  Mount . 

6 

00 

H 

St.  Thomas . 

. 1732.. 

<C 

. 1753- 

. 1843.., 

a  u 

'  u 

St.  John . 

(< 

M 

00 

to 

St.  Croix . 

<< 

a 

a 

. 1771- 

(( 

0 

00 

H 

Jamaica . 

if, 

(i 

(6 

if 

Missionaries. 

Bindschedler,  Missionary  Trader. 
.  John  G.  Schneider  and  wife. 
Zucher,  Missionary  Trader. 


“  Charles  A.  Hirt  and  wife. 

Rev.  Gustavus  B.  Schulze  and  wife. 

- Kaestner,  Missionary  Trader. 

- Slatta,  “  “ 

Rev.  Charles  G.  Kretschmer  and  wife. 
“  Frederick  A.  Wirth  and  wife. 

“  Augustus  Guenther  and  wife. 

- Hlawatschek,  Missionary  Trader. 


J .  Adolphus  Hartman  and  wife. 
Levi  Ricksecker  and  wife. 

Edward  J.  Mack  and  wife. 
Theodore  M.  Rights  and  wife. 
Frederick  Kleiner,  Superintendent. 
Francis  Voelkel  and  wife. 

Samuel  Warner  and  wife.  Warden.. 
Alexander  P.  Fleury,  Assistant. 

.  Peter  Malone  and  wife. 

Alexander  G.  Morrish  and  wife. 

Benjamin  Romig  and  wife.  Super¬ 
intendent  and  Warden. 


David  F.  Daiber  and  wife. 

Edwin  E.  Reinke  and  wife,  Supt. 
.Prof.  Walter  L.  Badham,  Director  of 
Theological  Seminary, 
r.  Lewis  B.  Wurreschke  and  wife. 
Director  of  the  Nomnal  School. 

.New  Eden . \2iT2... Richard  Campbell  and  wife,  Assistants. 

.Irwinhill . 1815. John  Thomas  and  wife. 


.New  Carmel . 1827...  “ 

.New  Bethlehem . 1833...  “ 

.New  FuVneck . 1830...  “ 

.New  Nazareth . 1838...  “ 

.Beaufoi't . 1834...  “ 

.New  Hope  or  Salem . 1838...  “ 

.Lititz . 1839...  “ 

.Bethany . 1835...  “ 

.Mizpeh  and  Broadleaf. . 1866...  “ 


H.  George  Hanna  and  wife. 

F.  J.  Theodore  Ilgner  and  wife. 
Paul  E.  Franze  and  wife. 
Thcophilus  Winkler  and  wife. 
Peter  Larsen. 

Alfred  Lind  and  wife. 

Henry  W.  Hauber  and  wife. 
John  P.  Pulkrabek  and  wife. 
Henry  Walder  and  wife. 


“  . Springfield . 1848... 

. In  Europe  on  leave  of  absence . 

“  .  “  “  1848... 

Antigua . St.  Johns  and  Five  Island . 1756... 


.  “  “  .  “  ...Richard  Gale,  Assistant. 

.Bethabara  and  Patrick  Tow?.. .1840. ..Rev.  John  J.  Seiler  and  wife.  Warden. 

“  “  “  ...  “  ...  “  J.  Thcophilus  Zorn  and  wife. 

James  Ward  and  wife. 

John  F.  Moderau  and  wife. 

Charles  Schick  and  wife. 

Jas.  La  Trobe  Harvey  and  wife, 
Superintendent. 

“  “  .  “  ...William  M.  Thomas,  Assistant. 

“  “  “  .  “  ...Miss  Ellen  Roberts,  Dtreciress  o/Fe?/iaZe 

Training  School. 

Greenbay . 1848. ..iSer.  John  Buckley  and  wife. 

Gracehill . I774"*  “  Edwin  Zippel  and  wife. 

Gracebay . ijgj... Peter  Beyer  and  wife,  Assistants. 

Cedarhall . 1822. ..Rev.  James  Turner  and  wife. 

Newfield . 1817...  “  Frederick  T.  Niebert  and  wife. 


OF  THE  MORAVIAN  CHURCH 


17 


Countries. 
Antigua . 

i* 


St.  Kitts 


(< 

i< 

<< 

Barbados  . 
<€ 

<4 

Tobago . 

44 

44 

Mosquitia 

44 
44 
44 
44 
4  4 
44 
44 
44 
44 

Surinam.... 

44 


44 


44 

44 

44 

44 

44 


44 

44 

44 

44 
<t 
44 
44 
44 
44 
44 
4  4 
44 
44 
44 

44 

44 

44 


Stations.  When  Founded.  Missionaries. 

Lebanon . . 1838. ..Rev.  Henry  M.  Weiss. 

Gracefield . 1840...  “  William  Batt  and  wife.  Warden. 

. . . Rt.  Rev.  George  W.  Westerby,  Bishop, 

and  Ex-Supt. ,  living  in  retirement 
at  Lathejield. 

.Basseterre . 1777. ..Rev.  Abraham  Lichtenthaler  and  wife, 

Superintendent. 


44 

Samuel  L.  Lichtenthaler  and  wife. 
Warden. 

.Bethesda . 

44 

Charles  L.  A.  Klesel  and  wife. 

Estridge . 

44 

William  H.  Fuerstenberger  and  wife. 

Bethel . 

44 

James  John  and  wife. 

Sharon . . 

. 1767- 

44 

James  Y.  Edghill  and  wife,  Supt' 
and  Warden. 

.Bridgetown . 

Mount  Tahor . 

44 

Henry  Moore  and,  wife. 

,  Cliftonhill . 

44 

Frederick  Gerschwitz  and  wife. 

Montgomery . 

44 

John  L.  Hasting  and  wife,  Supt. 

..John  J.  MacDowall,  Assistant. 

.Moriah . 

..Rev.  Robert  Walsh  and  wife. 

.Blueflelds . . . 

44 

John  E.  Lundberg  and  wife,  Supt. 

44 

44 

Frederick  A.  Herzog  and  wife. 

Ramah . 

. 1858., 

44 

Jens  P.  Juergensen  and  wife. 

Magdala . 

. 1855.. 

44 

Edward  Gruewald  and  wife. 

“  .  “  ...John  F.  Pinnok,  Assistant. 

Bethany . 1864. ..Rev.  Christian  A.  Martin  and  wife. 

Ephrata  and  Karata . i860...  “  William  Sieboerger  and  wife. 

“  “  .  “  ...Frederick  Smith,  Assistant. 

.Kukulaya . 1870... 2?eD.  Peter  Blair  and  wife. 


In  Europe,  on  leave  of  absence . 

Paramaribo . 1776... 


Ferdinand  E.  Renkewitz  and  wife. 
Eugene  Langerfeld  and  wife,  Supt. 
“  ...  “  Andrew  C.  Staudc  and  wife,  .^ssis- 
tant  Supt. 

“  ...  “  Charles  A.  Hellstroem  and  wife. 
Warden. 

“  ...  “  Henry  B  Heide  and  wife,  .dsst'ston^ 
Warden. 

“  ...  “  Charles  Haefner  and  wife. 

“  ...  “  Charles  T.  Dahl  and  wife. 

“  ...  “  Martin  W.  Hillberg  and  wife. 

“  ...  “  Herman  Wied  and  wife. 

“  ...  “  Ernst  A.  Renkewitz  and  wife, /S'wpi. 
of  City  Schools- 

“  ...  “  Edward  Wilhelm  and  wife. 

“  ...  “  John  Haller  and  wife. 

“  ...  “  Frederick  F.  Herr  and  wife. 

“  ...Godfrey  H.  Jacobs  and  wife,  ^ssf.r^ants. 
“  ...Julius  Wenzel  and  wife,  “ 

“  ...Charles  A.  Weigel  and  wife,  “ 

“  ...Paul  Haugk  and  wife,  “ 

“  ...Henry  Peper  and  wife,  “ 

“  ...Mrs.  S.  Wunderlich,  “ 

“  ...Rev.  Charles  W.  Illg  and  wife,  at  Combe. 


Beekhuizen . 1844... 

Clevia . 1859...  “  John  G.  Menze  and  wife. 

Rust  en  Werk . 1845...  “  Andrew  E.  Bau  and  wife 

Leliendal . 1849...  “  John  Drexler  and  wife. 

Herrendyk . 1856...  ''  Matthew  C.  Bramberg  and  wife. 

Annaszorg . 1849...  “  John  G.  Jansa  and  wife. 

.Charlottenburg,. . 1835...  “  Charles  W.  Raatz  and  wife. 


18 


MISSIONARY  MANUAL  AND  DIRECTORY 


Countries.  Stations.  When  Founded.  Missionaries. 

Surinam . C harlottenburg . 1835. ..Rev.  William  E.  Schrader  and  wife. 

“  .  “  .  “  ...  “  John  H.  Hasewinkel  and  wife. 

“  . Beersheba . 1858...  “ 

“  . Catharine  Sophia . 1849...  “ 


.Salem . 1840... 

.  Waterloo . 1859... 

.Berg  en  dal . 1870... 

.In  Europe,  on  leave  of  absence . 

.  On  his  way  to  this  Mission . 


Charles  A.  Braukmann  and  wife. 
Gottlieb  Meissel  and  wife. 

George  T.  Gaissert  and  wife. 
Frederick  W.  Adam  and  wife. 
Charles  E.  Lehman  and  wife. 
Charles  F.  W.  Gerhard  and  wife. 
Hans  P.  Jensen  and  wife. 

John  Bartsch. 

Joseph  Wolter. 


South  Africa  Berea . . . 1865... 

“  “  Genadendal  and  Twistwyk . 1792... 


Mamre  and  Johannes  Kirche....x2,o?>... 

U  n  a 


Wittewater  and  Goedverwucht. 

H  6( 


William  T.  Bauer  and  wife,  Supt. 
and  Warden  of  Gnadendal. 

...  “  Frederick  W.  Stoltz  and  wife. 

...  “  Rudolph  J.  Ballein  and  wife,  jS'Mjjer- 
intendent  of  Normal  School. 
...Henry  Zachert,  Teacher. 

...Rev.  Charles  A.  Wagner  and  wife,  in  the 
Station  School. 

...  “  Charles  F.  Kiegel  and  wife,  do. 
Charles  A.  Lemmerz  and  wife. 
Frederick  W.  Schoebel  and  wife. 

,  “  ...  “  Frederick  W.  Kunik  and  wife. 
.1858...  “  H.  Benno  Marx  and  wife. 

“  ...Nicholas  Oppelt,  Assistant. 


Elim . 

a 

Enon . 

(( 

(( 

a 

u 


“  “  Clarkson . 1839. ..Rev.  Andrew  G.  Hettasch  and  wife. 

“  “  “  .  “  ...  “  Ernst  A.  Fischer  and  wife. 

“  “  “  .  “  ...John  Zwelibanzi,  Assistant. 

“  “  In  Europe,  on  leave  of  absence . Rev.  Edward  J.  Richter  and  wife. 

“  On  his  way  to  this  Mission .  “  Charles  H.  Tietze. 

South  Africa  EAST..(SAt7o . 1828...  “  Ernst  T.  Weiz  and  wife,  (Swpi. 

“  “  “  .  “  ...  “  Herman  O.  Padel  and  wife. 

.  “  ...  “  Herman  L.  Hasting  and  wife. 

.  “  ...  “  Alwin  Richter  and  wife. 

“  “  “  .  “  ...John  Nakin,  Assistant. 

“  “  Engotini . 1859... Rev.  H.  Adolphus  Brauer  and  wife. 

“  “  Goshen  and  Emntweni . 1852...  “  John  G.  Stephan  and  wife. 

“  “  “  “  . . .  “  ...Samuel  Mazwi,  Assistant. 

“  “  Baziya  and  Tdbase . 1863. ..Rev.  Richard  Baur  and  wile. 

“  “  Jntwanazana .  John  H.  Hartmann  and  wife. 

“■  “  Emtumasi . 1870...  “  Philip  H.  L.  Meyer  and  wife. 

Australia . Ebenezer . 1859...  “  Frederick  W.  Spieseke  and  wife. 

“  . Ramahyuk  (Gippsland) . 1863...  “  Frederick  A.  Hagenauer  and  wife. 

“  .  “  “  .  “  ...  “  Charles  W.  Kramer  and  wife. 

“  . On  his  way  to  this  Mission . Augustus  Hahn,  Assistant. 

Thibet  &  Mongol.i a.. Kyelang  (Lahoul) . 1856. ..Rev.  Frederick  A.  Redslob  and  wife. 

“  “  “  “  .  “  ...  “  Augustus  W.  Heide  and  wife. 

“  “  Foo  (Kunawur) . 1865...  “  J.  L.  Edward  Pagell  and  wife. 


OF  THE  MORAVIAN  CHURCH. 


19 


TABLE  OF  THE  STATIONS  AND  THE  LABORERS: 


Nos. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 
9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 


Missionary  Provinces. 

Stations. 

1 

PreachingPIaces.j 

Missionaries, 

1  Male. 

1  Missionaries, 

1  Female. 

Native  Missiona-I 

ries,  Male.  | 

Native  Missiona¬ 
ries,  Female. 

Native  Assistant 

Missionaries. 

Lay  Readers. 

National  Assist¬ 

ants. 

National  Female 
Assistants. 

rrrppnla.nrl . 

6 

13 

12 

11 

35 

15 

Labrador.. . . 

6 

25 

22 

12 

19 

17 

North  America . 

4 

4 

4 

1 

6 

7 

Sf.,  Thomas . 

8 

4 

2 

1 

1 

14 

19 

St.  .Tohn . 

2 

2 

2 

11 

11 

St.  Croix . 

3 

3 

3 

1 

1 

39 

29 

Jamaica . 

]4 

1 

15 

14 

3 

3 

1 

13 

142 

85 

Antigua . 

8 

1 

7 

7 

2 

2 

1 

8 

74 

82 

St,  TC i  tts . 

4 

4 

4 

1 

1 

7 

32 

41 

Barbados . 

4 

2 

2 

1 

1 

15 

28 

28 

Tobacro . 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

8 

38 

26 

Mosquitia . 

6 

7 

7 

1 

1 

1 

3 

4 

2 

Surinam.... . 

13 

2 

33 

34 

33 

192 

183 

South  Africa,  Western  Province . 

7 

4 

18 

19 

1 

1 

2 

ii 

102 

65 

South  Africa,  Eastern  Province . 

6 

2 

10 

10 

•  •  ■  •  • 

•  •  •  •• 

2 

8 

24 

18 

A  nstra  li  a . 

2 

3 

3 

2 

1 

IVeat  Hima.lava. . 

2 

3 

3 

92 

12 

155 

150 

9 

9 

10 

134 

760 

629 

SECTION  V. 

THE  CONVERTS  AND  THEIR  CLASSES. 

Self-supporting  Missions. —The  ultimate  aim,  set  up  by  the 
General  Synod  for  all  the  Missionary  Provinces,  is  to  develop 
the  existing  Missions  into  self-supporting  churches,  with  a  native 
ministry,  so  that  the  Church  at  home  may  begin  new  enterprises 
in  heathen  lands.  (Synodical  Results,  1869,  p.  85.)  This  aim  the 
Missions  in  the  West  Indies  are  slowly  reaching.  They  can  be 
no  longer  called  Missions  among  the  heathen;  and  they  would  be 
far  nearer  the  goal,  if  the  negroes  had  not,  for  years,  been  impov¬ 
erished  on  all  the  Islands  where  the  Church  has  stations,  except 
Jamaica,  in  consequence  of  repeated  droughts  and  a  general  pros¬ 
tration  of  those  industries  upon  which  they  depend  for  a  living. 
Nevertheless,  in  the  course  of  time,  these  Missions  will  undoubt- 


20 


MISSIOIS’ARY  MANUAL  AND  DIRECTORY 


edly,  by  the  blessing  of  God,  form  the  fourth  regular  Province  of 
the  Unitas  Fratrum. 

Fundamental  Principle. — The  fundamental  principle  accord¬ 
ing  to  which  the  Missionaries  are  to  carry  on  their  work  is  set 
forth  by  the  General  Synod  in  the  following  words :  “  In  our  elForts 
for  the  conversion  of  the  heathen,  we  will  manifest  less  solicitude 
to  bring  large  numbers  of  them  to  the  profession  of  the  Christian 
faith,  than  ‘to  turn  souls  from  darkness  unto  light,  and  from  the 
power  of  Satan  unto  God,^  by  preaching  the  Gospel  with  demon¬ 
stration  of  the  Spirit  and  of  power. Hence  special  attention  is 
paid  to  the  training  of  individual  souls. 

Stated  Religious  Conversations. — To  this  end  not  only  the 
ordinary  pastoral  work  is  carried  on,  but  also  a  regular  system  of 
religious  conversations  with  the  converts  at  the  Mission  House. 
As  a  general  thing,  such  conversations  take  place  six  times  a  year 
with  each  class  (see  below),  so  that  every  male  member  of  a  mission- 
church  is  statedly  brought  face  to  face  with  the  Missionary,  and 
every  female  member  with  the  Missionary’s  wife.  Special  registers, 
containing  the  names  of  all  the  members,  are  kept  for  these  con¬ 
versations,  and  the  presence  or  absence  of  each  one  is  noted.  Ab¬ 
sentees  are  looked  after  by  the  Missionaries  and  Assistants. 

Church  Discipline. — Church  discipline,  moreover,  is  faith¬ 
fully  and  conscientiously  exercised.  There  are  three  grades  of  it: 
namely,  official  reproof,  suspension  from  the  Lord’s  (Supper,  and 
exclusion  from  the  membership  of  the  Church.  Those  converts 
who  are  under  discipline  are  not,  on  that  account,  cut  off  from  the 
Mission.  On  the  contrary,  they  form  a  separate  class,  to  the  inte¬ 
rests  of  which  the  Missionaries  and  National  Assistants  particularly 
devote  themselves;  and  they  are  readmitted  whenever  they  give 
sufficient  evidence  of  repentance  and  of  their  desire  to  lead  con¬ 
sistent  lives.  If,  however,  they  persistently  continue  in  sin  and 
withdraw  altogether  from  the  Mission,  their  names  are  stricken 
from  the  register. 

Classes. — At  each  station  the  converts  are  divided  into  the  fol¬ 
lowing  six  classes,  each  of  which  has  stated  religious  services  of  its 
own:  1.  Baptized  children — children  of  members  of  the  church 
under  five  years  of  age;  2.  Members  under  discipline;  3.  New 
People — such  as  have  applied  to  the  Missionaries  for  instruction 


OF  THE  MORAVIAN  CHURCH. 


21 


and  are  taught  the  rudiments  of  the  Christian  religion  ;  4.  Candi¬ 
dates  for  Baptism — such  as  receive  instruction  preparatory  to  their 
baptism  ;  Baptized  Adults — such  as  have  been  baptized ;  6.  Com¬ 
municants — such  as  have  been  baptized,  confirmed,  and  admitted 
to  the  Lord^s  Supper. 

Here  follows  a  table  of  the  membership  divided  according  to 
these  classes : 


Nos. 

Missionary  Provinces. 

Communicants, 

Baptized 

Adults. 

Candidates  for 

Baptism. 

New  People. 

Under  Discip¬ 

line. 

Baptized  Chil¬ 

dren. 

Totals. 

1 

rrrppnlnnfl . 

897 

137 

1 

131 

428 

1594 

2 

Labrador . 

420 

161 

10 

25 

108 

427 

1151 

3 

North  America . . . 

172 

74 

18 

fi 

150 

420 

4 

St.  Thomas  . . 

911 

276 

76 

541 

1804 

St.  John... . 

277 

94 

36 

240 

647 

5 

St.  Ctoix . 

1326 

272 

42 

707 

2347 

6 

Jamaica . . . 

4499 

26.38 

1 

33 

280 

5963 

13,414 

7 

Antigua . 

2825 

879 

2459 

6163 

8 

St.  Kitts . . . 

1251 

631 

82 

1191 

3155 

o 

Ra.rha.dos  . 

989 

363 

29 

1124 

2505 

10 

Tobago .  . . . 

816 

275 

146 

902 

2139 

11 

Mosquitia . 

200 

158 

11 

124 

20 

411 

924 

12 

Surinam . 

5590 

6340 

1372 

1775 

2514 

5985 

23,576 

13 

South  Africa,  Western  Province 

1725 

1104 

405 

1066 

497 

299^ 

7796 

14 

South  Africa,  Eastern  Province. 

342 

108 

102 

469 

40 

472 

1533 

15 

Australia . 

33 

11 

12 

44 

2 

34 

136 

16 

West  Himalaya . 

10 

3 

1 

1 

3 

18 

Totals . 

22,283 

13,524 

1915 

3555 

4009 

24,036 

69,322 

SECTION  yi. 

EDUCATIONAL  ENTERPRISES. 

Introductory  Remarks. — The  education  of  the  young  is  one 
of  the  most  important^undertakings  in  connection  with  the  Foreign 
Missions  of  the  Moravian  Church.  The  late  Bishop  Wullschlaegel, 
who  spent  many  years  in  missionary  service,  says  in  his  Missions- 
werh  der  Evangelischen  Brudergemeine:  Touching  Christian 

knowledge,  experience  shows  that  those  members  of  our  Mis¬ 
sion  Churches  who  have  been  baptized  in  their  youth  and  in- 
4 


22 


MISSIONARY  MANUAL  AND  DIRECTORY 


structed  in  our  schools  are  far  in  advance  of  such  as  have  joined 
the  Mission  from  the  heathen  and  been  baptized  as  adults.  Hence, 
in  all  our  Missions  where  it  is  in  any  way  possible,  we  forthwith 
establish  schools,  in  which  not  only  the  children  of  our  baptized 
converts,  but  also  any  other  children  that  may  be  intrusted  to  us 
by  their  parents,  are  educated  and,  especially,  made  acquainted 
with  their  God  and  Saviour.” 

Station  and  other  Schools. — At  each  station  there  is  a 
graded  school,  usually  in  buildings  of  its  own,  taught  by  native 
teachers,  or,  in  case  such  cannot  be  had,  by  the  Missionaries  them¬ 
selves.  Instruction  is  given  in  reading,  writing,  arithmetic,  sing¬ 
ing,  geography,  Bible  history,  and,  in  some  instances,  in  grammar. 
The  girls’  classes  are  taught  sewing.  Such  schools  generally  have 
a  primary  or  infant  department  for  children  from  three  to  six 
years  of  age. 

At  preaching  places  and  elsewhere  there  are  other  schools,  con¬ 
ducted  in  the  same  way. 

Some  of  the  schools  receive  aid  from  Government,  and  are  in¬ 
spected  by  the  same.'*' 

Normal  Schools. — These  schools  train  native  teachers,  and 
give  them  as  complete  a  course  of  instruction  as  possible.  Those 
in  Jamaica,  Antigua,  Surinam,  and  South  Africa  are  regularly 
established  as  schools,  having  their  own  teachers  and  buildings; 
those  in  Greenland  and  Labrador,  on  the  contrary,  consist  merely 
of  evening  classes  held  by  the  Missionaries  and  giving  the  pupils 
a  somewhat  higher  course  than  in  the  station  schools. 

Theological  Seminary. — A  Theological  Seminary  is  to  be 
established  in  Jamaica,  in  the  course  of  the  present  year.  In  this 
institution  a  native  ministry  will  be  educated. 

Sunday  Schools. — Sunday  Schools  have  been  established  in 
nearly  all  the  Missions,  and  are  attended  not  only  by  children  but 
also  by  many  adults. 


*  A@  an  illustration  of  the  wonderful  success  of  the  Moravian  Mission  Schools 
we  may  add  that,  among  twelve  hundred  colonial  schools  in  Gippsland,  Australia, 
the  school  for  natives  at  Ramahyuk,  consisting  of  children  of  perhaps  the  lowest 
and  most  degraded  of  all  heathen  tribes,  gained,  in  1873,  the  highest  prize  offered 
by  the  (Governmeat. 


OF  THE  MORAVIAN  CHTHlCH 


^3 


THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY  AND  NORMAL  SCHOOLS. 


Stations  Where  Located. 


Fairfield,  Jamaica . 

«  (( 

Bethabara,  “  . 

St.  Johns,  Antigua . 

Paramaribo,  Surinam . 

Genadendal,  South  Africa. — 
At  four  Stations  in  Greenland. 
At  three  Stations  in  Labrador. 

Total . 


Schools. 

lyumoer  oj 
Pupils. 

Theological  Seminary . 

3 

Male  Normal  School . 

18 

Female  Normal  School . 

7 

Female  Normal  School . 

7 

Male  Normal  School . 

14 

Male  Normal  School . 

11 

Four  Male  Normal  Classes . 

24 

Three  Male  Normal  Classes . . 

12 

OneTheo.  Sem.  and  7  Normal  Sch’ls 

96 

TABLE  OF  WEEK  DAY  AND  OF  SUNDAY  SCHOOLS. 


Week  Day  Schools. 


Sunday  Schools. 


Nos. 

Missionary  Provinces. 

Station  Schools. 

1  Schools  not  at  Sta- 
1  tions. 

Scholars. 

j  Male  Teachers. 

Female  Teachers. 

1 

1  Monitors. 

Sunday  Schools. 

Scholars,  Children. 

Scholars,  Adults. 

j  Teachers. 

1 

Grpptiln.nd . 

9 

24 

380 

24 

2 

1 

2 

2 

2 

T  ja.brflHnr . 

6 

261 

7 

2 

3 

North  America . 

2 

53 

1 

1 

3 

45 

31 

6 

4 

St.  Thomas  and  St.  John . 

5 

4 

609 

7 

3 

46 

6 

500 

544 

82 

5 

St  rVni  v . 

4 

262 

2 

3 

22 

7 

562 

462 

53 

6 

Jamaica . 

21 

33 

3780 

36 

19 

320 

18 

2275 

1682 

306 

7 

Antigua . 

14 

5 

1486 

9 

14 

100 

15 

1178 

510 

167 

8 

St.  Kitts . 

5 

3 

691 

4 

6 

50 

5 

746 

1056 

122 

9 

Barbados . 

8 

8 

1732 

13 

8 

92 

6 

423 

319 

51 

10 

Tobago . 

4 

3 

734 

6 

5 

60 

7 

401 

300 

55 

11 

Mosquitia . 

6 

244 

4 

1 

1 

6 

288 

83 

20 

12 

Surinam . 

15 

5 

2079 

32 

6 

2 

1 

23 

2 

13 

South  Africa,  Western  Province. 

15 

1940 

18 

15 

59 

7 

217 

19 

14 

South  Africa,  Eastern  Province- 

6 

2 

430 

7 

•  •  • 

3 

7 

60 

268 

15 

15 

A  nstralia. . - . 

2 

49 

1 

2 

3 

49 

39 

4 

16 

AYpst  TUina.Ia.va. . 

1 

6 

186 

8 

2 

Total . . . . . 

122 

93 

14,886 

179 

87 

756 

94 

6528 

5534 

740 

Total 


24 


MISSIONARY  MANUAL  AND  DIRECTORY 


SECTION  yii. 

THE  GOVERNMENT  AND  FINANCIAL  MANAGEMENT  OF  THE 

FOREIGN  MISSIONS. 

The  General  Synod. — The  Foreign  Missions  are  carried  on 
by  the  Moravian  Church  as  such,  and  constitute  a  cause  in  which 
all  its  three  Provinces  are  conjointly  engaged.  Hence  the  Mis¬ 
sions  stand  directly  under  the  control  of  the  General  Synod,  which 
meets  every  ten  or  twelve  years,  and  consists  of  delegates  from 
Germany,  Great  Britain,  America,  and  the  Foreign  Missions. 

The  Unity’s  Elders’  Conference. — The  General  Synod 
elects  an  Executive  Council  or  Board  of  Bishops  and  other  min¬ 
isters,  styled  The  Unity’s  Elders’  Conference,”  to  superintend  the 
general  affairs  of  the  Unitas  Fratrum  in  the  interval  between  two 
Synods.  To  this  body  is  committed  the  entire  control  of  the  Foreign 
Missions,  including  the  appointment  of  the  Superintendents  and 
other  Missionaries,  who  are  all  responsible  to  it,  and  the  general 
management  of  the  finances.  It  has  its  seat  at  Berthelsdorf,  near 
Herrnhut,  in  Saxony,  and  is  divided  into  three  Boards  or  Depart¬ 
ments,  as  they  are  technically  called,  namely  the  Department  of 
Education,  the  Department  of  Finance,  and  the  Department  of 
Missions. 

The  Mission  Board  Proper. — The  Department  of  Missions 
in  the  Mission  Board  proper,  directing  the  details  of  the  work  and 
its  finances.  Matters  of  importance,  however,  such  as  the  appoint¬ 
ment  of  Missionaries  and  the  organization  of  stations,  are  brought 
before  the  whole  body. 

Agents  and  other  Officers. — The  Unity’s  Elders’  Con¬ 
ference  appoints  a  Treasurer  of  Missions,  a  Secretary  of  Missions 
in  England,  and  Agents  of  Missions  in  Germany,  England,  and 
America.  These  officers  are  empowered  to  receive  contributions,  to 
draw  on  the  Mission  treasury,  and  to  represent  the  cause  in  other 
ways. 


OF  THE  MORAVIAN  CHURCH. 


25 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  UNITY^S  ELDERS’  CONFERENCE. 

Rt.  Rev.  Gustavus  T.  Tietzen,  President. 

Rt.  Rev.  Ernst  F.  Reichel,  Vice-President 
Rt.  Rev.  Ernst  W.  Croger. 

Rt.  Rev.  Levin  T.  Reichel. 

Rev.  Theophilus  C.  Reichel. 

Rev.  John  W.  Verbeek. 

Rev.  John  F.  Kiihn. 

Rev.  Ferdinand  Bechler. 

Rev.  Gustavus  T.  Reichel. 

Rev.  Henry  T.  Reichel. 

Rev.  Gottlob  F.  Martin. 

Rev.  Eugene  T.  Groche. 

Rev.  Frederick  T.  Riess,  Rev.  Francis  E.  Werthemann,  and  Rev. 
Henry  A.  Deutschberg,  Recording  Secretaries.^ 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  MISSION  BOARD* 

Rt.  Rev.  Ernst  F.  Reichel,  Chairman. 

Rt.  Rev.  Levin  T.  Reichel. 

Rev.  John  F.  Kiihn. 

Rev.  Ferdinand  Bechler. 

•  AGENTS  AND  OTHER  OFFICERS* 

Herman  Merian,  Treasurer,  Herrnhut,  Saxony* 

Rev.  Henry  E.  Shawe,  Secretary  of  Missions  for  England,  London. 
Rev.  Thomas  L.  Badham,  Agent  of  Missions  for  England,  Ock- 
brook,  England. 

Rev.  C.  H.  Kruger,  Agent  of  Missions,  Altona,  Germany. 

Rev.  Robert  de  Schweinitz,  Agent  of  Missions  for  America,  Beth¬ 
lehem,  Pa. 

Rt.  Rev.  Emil  A.  de  Schweinitz,  Agent  of  Missions  for  America, 
Salem,  N.  C. 


SECTION  VIII. 

THE  FINANCES  OF  THE  FOREIGN  MISSION. 

Introductory  Remarks. — The  Moravian  Foreign  Missions 
are  preeminently  a  work  of  faith,  and,  at  the  same  time,  a  won¬ 
derful  illustration  of  the  truth  that  the  Lord  provides  the  means 
whenever  a  cause  is  undertaken  in  His  name.  In  no  other 


*  The  Recording  Secretaries  are  not  members  of  the  body. 


26  MISSIONARY  MANtTAL  AND  tHRECTORY 

way  can  the  fact  be  explained  that  a  Church  which  numbers 
scarcely  27,000  souls  at  home  maintains  333  Missionaries,  92  Mis¬ 
sionary  Stations,  and  222  Missionary  Schools,  in  foreign  lands. 
Heavy  deficiencies  have  frequently  occurred ;  but,  in  every  instance, 
they  have  been  made  up,  by  the  blessing  of  God,  and  the  work  has  • 
continued  unhindered.  A  notable  example  of  such  experiences  is 
the  deficiency  of  last  year,  amounting  to  nearly  $25,000,  which,  at 
the  time  of  writing  this,  has  been  covered  mainly  through  extra¬ 
ordinary  gifts  in  England,  on  the  part  of  friends  not  connected 
with  the  Moravian  Church. 

Sources  of  Eevenue. — The  following  are  the  sources  of 
revenue : 

1.  Annual  contributions  from  the  members  of  the  Church  in  its 
three  Provinces. 

2.  Annual  contributions  from  friends  of  the  Moravian  Missions 
not  connected  with  the  Church. 

3.  The  interest  of  funded  legacies  which  have  been  left  with  the 
proviso  that  the  capital  shall  not  be  touched. 

4.  Other  legacies. 

5.  Annual  grants  of  Missionary  Associations  established  in  the 
three  Provinces  of  the  Church. 

The  following  are  the  principal  Associations : 

A.  The  Bi'ethren^ s  Society  for  the  Furtherance  of  the  Gospel, 
London.  Established  in  1741.  This  Society  supports  the  entire 
Mission  in  Labrador,  and  owns  a  missionary  vessel,  called  The 
Harmony y  which  is  annually  sent  out  to  that  coast  with  supplies 
for  the  Missionaries.  The  first  vessel  of  this  kind  was  the  Amity y 
and  her  first  voyage  was  undertaken  in  1771.  Since  that  time 
nine  other  vessels  have  been  successively  employed.  The  Harmony 
now  in  use  was  built  in  1861,  and  is  a  barque  of  450  tons  register. 
During  the  whole  period  of  one  hundred  and  three  annual  voyages 
no  serious  accident  every  befell  the  missionary  ship,  and  only  one 
voyage  was  wholly  unsuccessful,  namely  in  1816,  when  it  could 
not  reach  the  coast  of  Labrador,  on  account  of  constant  storms. 
During  the  Kevolutionary  War,  it  was  taken  by  a  French  pri¬ 
vateer,  but  subsequently  liberated  without  loss  to  the  Society. 

B.  The  Society  of  the  United  Brethren  for  Propagating  the  Gospel 
among  the  Heathen.  Bethlehem,  Pa.  Established  in  1787.  This 


OF  THE  MORAVIAN  CHURCH. 


27 


Society  has  a  large  funded  capital  left  by  the  late  Godfrey  Plaga, 
of  Philadelphia. 

c.  The  Mission  Society  of  Zeist.  Zeist,  in  Holland.  Established 
in  1793. 

D.  The  London  Association  in  Aid  of  the  Missions  of  the  United 
Brethren,  London.  Established  in  1817.  This  Society  consists 
almost  exclusively  of  members  of  churches  other  than  the  Moravian 
and  contributes  about  $25,000  a  year.  It  is  a  sort  of  Missionary 
Evangelical  Alliance,  which  gives  its  income  to  the  Moravian 
Foreign  Missions. 

E.  The  Wachovia  Society  of  the  United  Brethren  for  Propagating 
the  Gospel  among  the  Heathen.  Salem,  N.  C.  Established  in 
1823. 

F.  The  Missionary  Union  of  North  Schleswig.  Established  in 
1843. 

In  addition  to  these  Associations  there  are  a  number  of  Ladies’, 
Young  Men’s,  and  Juvenile  Societies. 

6.  Money  raised  by  the  Missions  themselves.  This  is  done  in 
three  ways,  namely,  through  stated  contributions  paid  by  the  con¬ 
verts  toward  the  support  of  their  churches,  through  Missionary 
Societies  established  among  the  converts  themselves,  and  through 
traffic  and  trades.  The  last  agency  exists  only  in  Labrador,  in 
St.  Thomas,  at  Bluefields,  in  Mosquitia,  in  Surinam  and  South 
Africa.  In  Labrador,  the  traffic,  which  is  carried  on  with 
England,  is  entirely  distinct  from  the  work  of  the  Mission  and 
intrusted  to  men  sent  out  to  that  coast  by  the  Missionary  Board 
specially  for  this  purpose.  In  the  other  Missions  where  it  takes 
place,  or  where  trades  have  been  established,  unordained  Mission¬ 
aries  devote  themselves  to  such  secular  pursuits,  and,  at  the  same 
time,  act  as  assistants  to  the  regular  Missionaries.  This  agency  is 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Mission  Board,  and  is  carefully 
guarded  against  abuse.  It  has  been  greatly  blessed  of  God,  and 
is  an  important  source  of  revenue.  The  latest  number  of  the  Pe¬ 
riodical  Accounts  says  in  this  connection:  Flour  mills,  general 
stores,  blacksmith’s  works,  and  barter- trade  providing  a  trust¬ 
worthy  market  for  native  articles  of  produce,  supply  at  once  means 
of  elevating  the  condition  of  the  people,  and  of  reducing  the  sum 
to  be  raised  at  home  to  cover  the  total  cost  of  the  missionary  work.” 


28 


MISSIONARY  MANUAL  AND  DIRECTORY 


Expenditures. — The  expenditures  of  the  Missions  may  be 
classified  as  follows :  First,  expenditures  of  the  Missions  them¬ 
selves,  including  the  support  or  the  salaries  of  the  Missionaries, 
who  receive  salaries  only  in  some  Missions,  as  also  building,  school, 
and  traveling  expenses ;  second,  pensions  and  education  of  children, 
every  Missionary  on  retiring  from  the  field  receiving  a  pension, 
every  widow  of  a  Missionary  being  provided  for  in  the  same  way, 
and  the  children  of  Missionaries  being  all  educated,  in  schools  at 
home,  at  the  expense  of  the  Church ;  third,  expenses  of  the  Mission 
Board  and  its  subordinates. 

Financial  Statement. — The  annual  accounts  published  by 
the  Mission  Board  do  not  show  anything  like  the  whole  cost  of  the 
work.  That  Board  can  account  only  for  the  money  which  passes 
through  its  hands,  and  this  is  barely  one  third  of  the  entire 
expenditure.  A  large  part,  as  we  have  said  in  another  connection, 
is  made  up  by  the  Missions  themselves,  and  they  receive,  more¬ 
over,  many  grants  directly  from  Missionary  Societies  at  home. 
The  exhibit  which  follows  forms  the  substance  of  a  statement  care¬ 
fully  prepared  and  kindly  furnished  by  a  member  of  the  Mission 
Board.  It  is  based  upon  the  financial  reports  received  for  the  year 
1871,  with  the  exception  of  that  part  of  it  which  sets  forth  the 
pensions,  the  educational  expenses,  and  those  of  the  Board.  That 
part  is  taken  from  the  accounts  of  1873,  the  latest  which  have 
been  published.  The  exhibit  gives  a  financial  survey  which  may 
be  adopted  for  any  year.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  Moravian  Mis¬ 
sions  are  more  economically  managed  than  those,  probably,  of  any 
other  Church,  and,  in  proportion  to  their  extent,  cost  less  than 
most  others. 

In  reducing  the  amounts  to  our  money  the  German  Thaler  is 
reckoned  at  70  cents  gold  basis,  and  the  German  Groschen  and 
PJennige  are  omitted. 


OF  THE  MOEAVIAN  CHURCH. 


29 


ANNUAL  EXPENDITURES. 


Missions. 

Made  up  by  the  Mis¬ 

sions. 

Grants  of  Miss.  Soc. 

and  Gifts  of  Indi¬ 

viduals. 

Interest  of  Special 

Funds. 

Paid  by  the  Mis¬ 

sion  Board 

Total  Cost  of  Mis¬ 

sions. 

r^rfipnl  nrifl _ _ _ 

$637 

9,394 

344 

$3,850 

$4,487 

9,394 

4,064 

12,412 

48,016 

7,711 

49,131 

14,035 

8,754 

4,822 

3,641 

T  ifi  Virn  rl  nr . . . . . . 

TJ  A  Tnrlinn  IVTissinn . 

3,720 

3,231 

17,659 

5,821 

Danisli  'Wnst  Tnrlips . 

$6,381 

22,867 

1,890 

49,131 

14,035 

3,798 

$2,800 

3,776 

Rritish  A/Vest  Indies . . 

3,714 

IVTntjnnitisi. . . . . . 

Surinam  . . 

Snnt.Vi  A  frina  Wpst.prn  Prnvinnp . 

Snntli  Afrina.  Fa.st.prn  Prnvinnp . 

4,956 

1,215 

3,422 

\  nsitrali  a. . . . *. . . . . 

3,607 

219 

AVpst  TTima.la.va. . 

TotR,1  s  . 

$-98,102 

$17,915 

$6,576 

$43,874 

$166,467 

28,000 

22,248 

26,488 

7,099 

1,853 

1,351 

Other  Expenditures. 

Cost  of  Schools  not  otherwise  ac- 

pnn  n  f.pd  fhr* . 

Pensions . . . . . . . . 

11,608 

10,640 

26,488 

7,099 

1,853 

1,351 

Frinnatinn  nf  A/Tissinnarv  Childrpn... 

Salaries  of  Board.  &c..  Rents.  &c . 

Traveling  Expenses  of  Members  of 
Board, of  Agents, Interest  and  Extras 
Missionary  Institute . 

'T^nt.nl  nf  7^T/np.nrt.di.hi.rp.st . 

$98,102 

$17,915 

$18,184 

$91,305 

$253,506 

Explanatory  Eemarks. — The  amount  of  $3,776,  interest  of 
special  funds,  credited  to  the  British  West  Indian  Mission,  includes 
a  grant  of  $2,489  from  the  Colonial  Government  for  the  Schools ; 
and  the  amount  of  $28,000  given  as  the  cost  of  schools  not  other¬ 
wise  accounted  for — the  expenditures  for  many  of  them  being  in¬ 
cluded  in  the  entire  cost  of  the  Mission — is  made  up  by  school 
dues  and  grants  from  Government. 

The  amount  made  up  by  the  Danish  West  Indian  Mission  in¬ 
cludes  $4,151  of  contributions  from  the  converts,  $2,514  from  St. 
Croix,  and  $1,637  from  St.  Thomas.  In  the  same  way,  the  amount 
made  up  by  the  British  West  Indian  Mission  includes  $22,216  of 
contributions  from  the  converts,  $9,114  from  Jamaica,  $6,421  from 
Antigua,  $3,726  from  St.  Kitts,  $961  from  Barbados,  and  $1,994 
from  Tobago.  Hence  the  whole  amount  contributed  by  the  con¬ 
verts  toward  the  support  of  the  Mission  in  the  West  Indies  is 
$26,367. 

5 


30 


MISSIONARY  MANUAL  AND  DIRECTORY 


In  some  of  the  other  Missions,  especially  in  Mosquitia  and  South 
Africa,  the  converts  likewise  contribute,  but  our  sources  do  not  show 
how  much. 

It  will  be  seen  from  our  statement  that  the  whole  annual  cost  of 
the  Moravian  Missions  is  about  $253,500,  and  that  of  this  amount 
the  Mission  Board  must  raise  every  year,  over  and  above  what  the 
Missions  themselves  make  up  and  what  they  receive  directly  from 
Missionary  Societies  and  Special  Funds,  more  than  $91,000. 


SECTION  IX. 

MISSIONARY  LITERATURE. 

Works  for  the  Converts. — A  large  number  of  works,  both 
for  edification  and  instruction,  has  been  published  for  the  use  of 
the  converts  in  the  various  languages  which  they  speak.  Parts  of 
the  Bible,  and,  in  some  cases,  the  entire  Bible,  have  been  issued  in 
the  Arrawack  Indian,  in  the  Delaware  Indian,  in  the  Esquimaux, 
in  the  Greenland  tongue,  in  the  Cafire  language,  in  that  of  the 
Mosquito  Indians,  in  Negro  English  (the  language  of  the  Negroes 
of  Surinam),  and  in  Thibetan. 

Periodicals  Published  at  the  Missions. — There  are  two 
missionary  presses,  the  one  in  Surinam,  the  other  in  South  Africa. 
On  the  former  is  printed  Mahzien  vo  Kristensoema  (Christian  Mag¬ 
azine),  a  monthly;  and  on  the  latter  De  Bode  (The  Messenger), 
and  Kindervriend  (The  Children’s  Friend),  both  monthlies. 

Missionary  Periodicals  Published  at  Home. — Periodical 
Accounts  relating  to  the  Missions  of  the  Church  of  the  United  Breth¬ 
ren  established  among  the  Heathen,  London,  quarterly,  begun  in 
1790,  one  of  the  oldest  missionary  journals  that  exists;  The  Mis¬ 
sionary  Reporter,  London,  monthly,  a  children’s  missionary  maga¬ 
zine  ;  The  Little  Missionary,  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  monthly,  a  children’s 
paper;  Missionsblatt  aus  der  Brudergemeine,  Herrnhut,  Saxony,  a 
monthly ;  Berigten  uit  de  Heiden-  Wereld,  uitgeven  door  het  Zendings- 
genootschap  te  Zeist,  Zeist,  Holland,  a  monthly;  Brudermissions 
Blattfur  Kinder,  Gnadau,  Prussia,  every  second  month. 

Besides  these  publications  the  Nachrichten  aus  der  Brilder- 


/ 


OF  THE  MOEAVIAN  CHURCH. 


31 


Gemdne,  Gnadau,  Prussia,  a  monthly,  the  Journal  de  V  UniU  des 
Fr^res,  Montmirail,  Switzerland,  a  monthly.  The  Moravian,  Beth¬ 
lehem,  Pa.,  a  weekly,  and  Der  Briider  Botschafter,  Bethlehem,  Pa., 
a  weekly,  statedly  give  full  reports  from  the  Missions. 

Works  on  the  Moravian  Missions  in  General. — Historical 
Sketches  of  the  Missions  of  the  United  Brethren  among  the  Heathen, 
by  John  Holmes,  London,  1827 ;  Das  Missionswei'k  der  Evangelischen 
B^'udergemeine,  Gnadau,  1861  (by  the  late  Bishop  Wullschlaegel) ; 
An  Account  of  the  Manner  in  which  the  Protestant  Church  of  the 
Unitas  Fratrum  preach  the  Gospel  and  carry  on  their  Missions 
among  the  Heathen.  (Translated  from  the  German  of  Bishop 
Spangenberg.)  London,  1788;  Linder^ s  Kdrtchen  und  Statistik 
von  den  Missions- Gebieten  der  Brudergemeine,  Bautzen,  1852;  The 
Moravian  Atlas,  by  the  Teachers  of  Fulneck  Academy  (England), 
1853;  Missions- Atlas  der  Briider- Unitdt,  herausgegeben  vom  Mis- 
S'ions-Departement  der  Unitdts-Aeltesten- Confer enz.  Bearbeitet  von 
Levin  T.  Reichel.  Herrnhut,  1860 :  Jahresbericht  von  dem  Mis- 
sionwerk  der  Brudergemeine,  published  annually  by  the  Mission 
Board ;  Uebersicht  der  Missionsgeschichte  der  Fvaiigelischen  Briidei'- 
kirche  in  ihrem  ersten  Jahrhundert,  3  Parts,  Gnadau,  1832-1833; 
Die  Juhelfeier  der  Heiden  Missionen  der  Evangelischen  Brilder- 
Unitdt,  in  Herrnhut,  am  21  August,  1832.  Gnadau,  1832;  Le- 
bensbilder  aus  der  Geschichte  der  Bruder-mission,  von  Wullschlaegel, 
Stuttgart,  1843. 

Works  Relating  to  the  Mission  in  Greenland.— 
Anfdnger  der  Brildermission  in  Gronland,  Bothenburg,  1842; 
David  Crantz^s  History  of  Greenland  and  of  the  Mission  carried  on 
by  the  Unitas  Fratrum,  translated  from  the  German,  2  Vols.,  Lon¬ 
don,  1767,  a  later  and  improved  edition  in  1820;  The  Mora¬ 
vians  in  Greenland,  Edinburgh,  1839;  Greenland  Missions,  with 
Biographical  Sketches  of  some  of  the  Principal  Converts,  Dublin, 
1831;  Mission  der  Evangelischen  Briider  in  Gi^bnland,  by  Kolbing, 
Gnadau,  1831 ;  Matthaeus  Stach  u.  J.  Beck,  Miss,  der  Brudergemeine 
in  Gronland,  von  R.  Voi^mbaum,  Bielefeld,  1853;  G.  E.  Burkhardt^s 
die  Eskimos  in  Gronland  und,  Labrador,  Bielefeld,  1858 ;  The  Story 
of  Moravian  Missions  in  Greenland  and  Labrador,  London,  1873. 

Works  Relating  to  the  Mission  in  Labrador. — 3Iissio7i 
der  Evangelische7i  Bruder  in  Labrador,  by  Kolbing,  Gnadau,  1831 ; 


32 


MISSIONARY  MANUAL  AND  DIRECTORY 


Missions  in  Labrador,  Dublin,  1831 ;  The  Moravians  in  Labrador, 
Edinburgh,  1833;  A  Visit  to  Labrador  in  the  Autumn  of  1848, 
London ;  History  of  the  Mission  of  the  Church  of  the  United  B7^ethren 
in  Labrador,  for  the  past  Hundred  Year's,  London,  1871. 

Works  Eelating  to  the  Mission  among  the  North  Amer¬ 
ican  Indians. — History  of  the  Mission  of  the  United  Brethren 
among  the  Indiaiis  of  North  America,  by  George  Henry  Loskiel, 
translated  from  the  German  by  Christian  Ignatius  La  Trobe,  Lon¬ 
don,  1794;  The  Histor'y  of  the  3Lor avian  Mission  among  the  Indians 
in  North  America,  by  a  member  of  the  B^'ethren^s  Church,  London, 
1838;  A  Narrative  of  the  Missioii  of  the  United  Brethren  among  the 
Delaware  and  Mohegan  Indians,  by  John  HecJcewelder,  Philadel¬ 
phia,  1820;  The  Life  and  Times  of  David  Zeisberger,  the  Western 
Pioneer  and  Apostle  of  the  Indians,  by  Edmund  de  Schweinitz,  Phil¬ 
adelphia,  1870;  David  Zeisberger,  Miss,  der  Brildergemeine  unter 
den  Indianern,  von  B,  Vormbaum,  Bielefeld,  1853;  G.  E.  BurU 
hardt^s  Die  Indianer  in  Nord  and  Sildamerika,  Bielefeld,  1858; 
Life  of  John  Heckwelder,  by  Edward  Rondthaler,  Philadelphia, 
1847. 

Works  Eelating  to  the  Mission  in  the  West  Indies. — 
Leonhard  Dober  u.  Friederich  Martin,  in  kurzen  Umrissen  dar- 
gestellt,  Eothenburg,  1841  and  1842;  Oldendorp^s  Geschichte  der 
Mission  der  Evangelischen  Brilder  auf  den  Caraibischen  Inseln  8. 
Thomas,  8.  Croix  u.  8.  Jan,  Bar  by,  1777 ;  Geschichte  der  Mission 
in  den  Ddnisch-westindischen  Inseln  und  in  Grbnland,  Barby, 
1803;  The  Moldavians  in  Jamaica,  by  J.  H.  Buchner,  London, 
1854;  Retrospect  of  the  History  of  the  Mission  of  the  Brethren's 
Church  in  Jamaica,'  for  the  past  Hundred  Years,  London,  1854; 
Retrospect  of  the  History  of  the  Mission  of  the  Brethren's  Church  in 
Antigua,  for  the  past  Hundred  Years,  London,  1856;  Friedrich 
Martin,  Miss,  der  Brudergemeine  in  West  Indien,  von  R.  Vormbaum, 
Bielefeld,  1853;  G.  E.  Burkhardfs  Die  Neger  in  Westindien  und 
8udamerika,  Bielefeld,  1858. 

Works  Eelating  to  the  Mission  in  South  America. — 
Nachricht  von  8urinam  und  seinen  Einwohnern,  von  Quandt,  Gdrlitz, 
1807  ;  Die  Mission  unter  den  freien  Buschnegern  in  8urinam,  von 
Karl  Friederich  Ledderhose,  Heidelberg,  1854 ;  Geschichte  der  Mis¬ 
sion  in  8udamerika,  Barby,  1805;  Theophil.  8al.  8chumann,  Mis- 


OF  THE  MOEAVIAN  CHURCH. 


33 


sionar  der  Brudergemeine  unter  den  Indlanern  Sildamerikas,  von 
B.  Vormbaum,  Bielfeld,  1858. 

Works  Relating  to  the  Mission  in  South  Africa. — Jour¬ 
nal  of  a  Visit  to  South  Africa  in  1815  and  1816,  by  Christian  Ig¬ 
natius  La  Trobe,  London,  1818,  with  colored  plates;  the  same 
work,  without  the  plates.  New  York,  1818;  Das  Buchlein  von  den 
Hottentotten  und  ihrem  ersten  Apostel,  Georg  Schmidt,  von  K.  F, 
Ledderhose,  Basel,  1849;  Rev.  Henry  Hutton^ s  Visit  to  Genadendal, 
S.  Africa,  London,  1845;  Narrative  of  a  Visit  made  in  1849  to 
Fnon,  in  S.  Africa,  by  Hallbech,  London,  1820;  The  Leper  Hos¬ 
pital  in  South  Africa,  Bristol ;  Georg  Schmidt,  Miss,  der  Bruder¬ 
gemeine  unter  den  Hottentotten,  S.  A.  und  seine  ndchsten  Nach- 
folger,  von  R.  Vormbaum,  Bielefeld,  1858  ;  Geschichte  der  Aushrei- 
tung  des  Christenthums  unter  den  Heidenvblhern  Sud  Afrika’s,  Berlin, 
1831. 


SECTION  X. 

MISSIONARY  INSTITUTIONS. 

In  connection  with  the  Foreign  Missions  there  are  several  insti¬ 
tutions  which  require  a  brief  notice. 

The  Missionary  Institute. — This  is  a  school  in  which  young 
men  are  specially  trained  for  missionary  service.  It  is  established 
at  Nisky,  in  Prussia,  and  its  Director  is  the  Rev.  A.  C.  Lewis  de 
Dewitz. 

The  Missionary  Schools. — The  children  of  Missionaries  are 
educated,  according  to  the  nationality  of  their  parents,  either  in 
Germany,  England  or  America.  By  far  the  larger  part  of  them 
are  sent  to  Germany  for  this  purpose.  Hence  there  are  two 
Boarding  Schools,  specially  for  the  children  of  Moravian  Mission¬ 
aries,  established  at  Kleinwelke,  in  Saxony,  the  one  for  boys  under 
the  direction  of  the  Rev.  T.  Christian  van  Calker,  the  one  for  girls 
under  that  of  the  Rev.  Charles  de  Billow. 

The  Missionary  Home. — At  the  same  place,  there  exists  a 
Missionary  Home,  built,  some  years  ago,  by  the  joint  contributions 


34 


MISSIONARY  MANUAL  AND  DIRECTORY 


of  the  three  Provinces  of  the  Unitas  Fratrum,  for  Missionaries 
who  visit  Europe  on  leave  of  absence.  It  is  a  large  and  well  ap¬ 
pointed  mansion,  where  they  find  comfortable  lodgings,  and  can 
enjoy  the  society  of  their  children  who  attend  the  schools. 

The  Ephrata  House. — A  similar  Home  exists  at  Nazareth, 
Pa.,  and  forms  a  historic  building.  It  was  begun,  in  1740,  by 
Whitefield  as  a  school  for  negro  children ;  sold  to  the  Moravians, 
long  before  it  was  completed,  and  finished  and  used  by  them  for 
various  ecclesiastical  purposes ;  and  came  finally  into  the  possession 
of  the  Moravian  Church  at  Nazareth.  From  this  Church  it  was 
recently  bought  by  a  friend  of  the  Missions,  thoroughly  repaired, 
and  presented  to  the  American  Province  as  its  Home  for  visiting 
Missionaries. 


OF  THE  MORAVIAN  CPIURCH 


:^5 


SECTION  XL 

ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  THE  MTRSIONAIHES,  OF  THE 
MEMBERS  OF  THE  MISSION  BOARD,  OF  ITS 
AGENTS  AND  OTHER  OFFICERS. 

Names.  Post  Office  Address. 

Achtnich,  Edward  Martin,  Member  of  the  Unity's  Elders'  Conference,  Berthelsdorf,  near  Herrnhnt, 

Saxony. 

Adam,  Frederick  William . Waterloo,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas,  W.  I.,  care  of  Kersten 

&  Co.,  Paramaribo. 

Arnstadt,  Charles  Lewis  C . Friedrichsthal,  Greenland,  care  of  H,  H.  Wolter,  Stormgade  No. 

21,  Copenhagen,  Denmark. 

Anschuetz,  Augustus  Ernst . Genadendal,  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa,  via  Southampton. 

Bachman,  Henry  T.,  Member  of  the  American  Provincial  Board,  Nazareth,  Northampton  Co.,  Pa. 

Ballein,  Rudolph  John . Genadendal,  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa,  via  Southampton. 

Bartels,  Julius . Friedensberg,  St.  Croix,  Danish  W.  I. 

Bartsch,  John . Surinam,  S.  A  ,  via  St.  Thomas,  W.  I. 

Batt,  William . . . Gracefield,  Antigua,  British  W.  I. 

Baudert,  Samutl . Engotini,  Whittlesea,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  South  Africa. 

Baur,  Richard . Shilo,  Whittlesea,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  South  Africa. 

Bauer,  William  Theodore,  Superintendent,  Berea,  South  Africa,  via  Capetown  and  Southampton. 
Beyer,  Peter . Lebanon,  Antigua,  British  W.  I. 

Bindschedler,  Samuel . Nain,  Labrador,  care  of  Rev.  H.  Shawe,  29  Ely  Place,  Holborn, 

London,  E.  C. 

Blair  Peter . Magdala,  Mosquitia,  care  of  Messrs.  Augustin  &  Scott,  Greytown, 

.  Nicaragua. 

Bourquin,  Henry  Theodore,  Superintendent,  Nain,  Labrador,  care  of  Rev.  H  Shawe,  29  Ely  Place. 

Holborn,  London,  E.  C. 

Bogisch,  Paul . Ebenezer,  Dimboola,  Victoria,  Australia,  via  Southampton* 

Braukmann,  Charles  Augustus . Leliendal,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas,  W.  I.,  care  of  Kersten 

&  Co.,  Paramaribo. 

Brodbeck,  Jacob . Friedrichsthal,  Greenland,  care  of  H.  H.  Wolter,  Stormgade  No. 

21,  Copenhagen,  Denmark.  * 

Buckley,  John . Greenbay,  Antigua,  British  W.  I. 

Bechler,  William  Ferdinand,  Member  of  Mission  Board,  Berthelsdorf,  near  Herrnhut,  Saxony. 

Campbell,  Richard . New  Eden,  Balaclava  P.  O.,  Jamaica,  British  W.  I. 

Carrington,  Joseph . Sharon,  Barbadoes,  British  W.  I, 

Clemens,  Frederick . St.  Thomas  Town  of,  St.  Thomas,  Danish  W.  1. 

Cramer,'  Haighton  &  Co.,  Mission  Agents,  Amsterdam,  Holland. 

Conor,  James,  Member  of  Mission  Board,  Berthelsdorf,  near  Herrnhut,  Saxony. 

Dahl,  Charles  Theodore . Rust-en-Werk,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas,  W.  I.,  care  of 

Kersten  &  Co.,  Paramaribo. 

Dam  Peter  Petersen . Hopedale,  Labrador,  care  of  Rev.  H.  Shawe,  29  Ely  Place,  Hol¬ 

born,  J.,ondon,  E.  C. 

Deutschberg,  Henry  Alfreil,  Se.creto.ry  of  the  Unity's  Elders’  Conference,  Berthelsdorf,  near  Herrnhut, 

Saxony. 

Dewitz,  Augustus  Charles  L.  von.  Director  of  Missionary  Institute,  Nisky,  Silesia,  Prussia. 


Drexel,  John  Frederick . Zoar,  Labrador,  care  of  Rev.  H.  Shawe,  29  Ely  Place,  Holborn, 

London,  E.  C. 

Edghill,  James  Y . Sharon,  Barbadoes,  British  W.  1. 


England,  John,  President  of  British  Provincial  Board,  9  Wilberforce  Road,  Finsbury  Park,  London, 

England. 


86 


MISSIONARY  MANUAL  AND  DIRECTORY 


Names.  Post  Office  Address. 

Fehrniann,  John  Charles . Paramaribo,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas,  W.  I. 

Fischer,  Ernst  Augustus . Clarkson,  Krome  River,  S.  Africa,  via  Southampton  and  Cape¬ 

town. 

Foged,  Nis  Peter . Lichtenfels,  Greenland,  care  of  H.  H.  Wolter,  Stormgade  No.  21, 

Copenhagen,  Denmark. 

Francis  Joseph . Bethel,  St.  Kitts,  British  W.  I. 

Franze,  Paul  E.,  Superintendent,  Friedensthal,  St.  Croix,  Danish  W.  I. 

Fuerstenberg,  William  Henry . New  Fulneck,  Middle  Quarters  P.  O.,  Jamaica,  British  W.  I. 

Gale,  Richard . Clifton  Hill,  Barbados,  British  W.  I. 

Gaissert,  George  Thomas . Salem,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas,  care  of  Kersten  &  Co., 

Paramaribo. 

Gerschwitz,  Charles  Frederick . Estridge,  St.  Kitts,  British  W.  I. 

Gericke,  Charles  Fred.  Aug . Igdlorpait,  Greenland,  care  of  H.  H.  Wolter,  Stormgade  No.  21, 

Copenhagen,  Denmark. 

Gerhardt,  Charles  Fred.  Wm . Beersheba,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas,  care  of  Kersten  &  Co., 

Paramaribo. 

Grasse,  Henry  Gustavus . Enon,  Port  Elizabeth,  via  Capetown,  South  Africa. 

Groche,  Eugene  Theodore,  Member  of  the  Unity’s  Elders’  Conference,  Berthelsdorf,  near  Herrnhut, 

Saxony. 

Grcider,  Eugene  P.,  Member  of  the  Southern  Provincial  Board,  Salem,  Forsyth  Co.,  N.  C. 

Guenther,  Charles . Genadendal,  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa. 

Gysin,  Gustavus  R . . . Lichtenau,  Greenland,  care  of  H.  H.  Wolter,  Stormgade  No.  21, 

Copenhagen,  Denmark. 

Haefner,  Charles . Charlottenburg,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas,  care  of  Kersten 

&  Co.,  Paramaribo. 

Haller,  John . ...  Ganzee,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas,  care  of  Kersten  &  Co., 

Paramaribo. 

Hartman,  Adolphus  J.  H . New  Fairfield,  Bothwell  P.  O.,  Ontario,  Canada  West. 

Hartman,  John  Henry.... . Baziya,  Clarkebury,  Transkei,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  S.  Africa. 

Hasewinkel,  John  Henry . Paramaribo,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas. 

Hasting,  John  Lewis,  Superintendent,  New  Herrnhut,  St.  Thomas,  Danish  W.  I. 

Hagenauer,  Frederick  Augustus,  Superintendent,  Ramahyuk,  Sale,  Gippsland,  Victoria,  Australia. 

Hanna,  George  H . Lititz,  Watson’s  Hill  P.  O.,  Jamaica,  British  W.  I. 

Haubcr,  Henry  William . New  Nazareth,  Medina  P.  O.,  Jamaica,  British  W.  I. 

Haugk,  William . Hebron,  Labrador,  care  of  Rev.  H.  Shawe,  29  Ely  Place,  Holborn, 

London,  E.  C.  ' 

Haugk,  Paul . Paramaribo,  Surinam,  S  A.,  via  St.  Thomas. 

Heath,  George  Octavius . Emmaus,  St.  Johns,  Danish  W.  I. 

Heide,  Augustus  William . Kyelang,  Lehoul,  Kangra  District,  Punjab,  North  India,  via 

Southampton  and  Bombay. 

Hellstroem,  Charles  Andrew . Paramaribo,  Surinam,  S.  A.  via  St.  Thomas. 

Hettasch,  Andrew  Gustavus . Genadendal,  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa,  via  Southampton. 

Heyde,  Henry  Bernhard . Paramaribo,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas. 

Herr,  Frederick  Ferdinand .  “  “  “  “  “ 

Herzog,  Frederick  Augustus . Rama,  Mosquitia,  care  of  Messrs.  Augustin  &  Scott,  -Grey town, 

Nicaragua. 

Hickel,  Philip  Emil . Elim,  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa,  via  Southampton. 

Hilbigj  John  C.  A . Lichtenfels,  Greenland,  care  of  H.  H.  Wolter,  Stormgade  No.  21, 

Copenhagen,  Denmark. 

Hillman,  Joseph  D . Tahlequah,  Cherokee  Nation,  Indian  Territory,  N.  A. 

Hlawatschek  Adolphus .  . Hebron,  Labrador,  care  of  Rev.  H.  Shawe,  29  Ely  Place,  Holborn, 

England,  E.  C. 

Hoffman,  Herman  S.,  Member  of  the  American  Provincial  Board  North,  No.  1317  N.  Broad  Street, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Hoeppner,  Henry  Julius.. . Paramaribo,  Surinam,  S.  A-,  via  St.  Thomas. 

Uglier,  Frederick  Jacob  Theodore..New  Bethel,  Malvern  P.  O.,  Jamaica,  British  W.  I. 

Illig,  Charles  William . Combe,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas,  care  of  Kersten  &  Co., 

Paramaribo. 


OF  THE  MORAVIAN  CHURCH. 


87 


JVames.  Post  Office  Address. 

Jacobs,  Godfrey  Henry . Paramaribo,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas. 

James,  William . St.  Johns,  Antigua,  British  W.  1. 

Jannasch,  Herman  Theodore . Hopedale,  Labrador,  care  of  Rev.  11.  Shawe,  29  Ely  Place,  Ilol- 

born,  London,  E.  C. 

Jensen,  John  Peter . Beckhuizen,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas,  care  of  Kersten  &  Co., 

Paramaribo. 

Jonas,  Charles . Enon,  Port  Elizabeth,  South  Africa,  via  Southampton. 

Kahle,  Charles  Frederick . .....Nain,  Labrador,  care  of  Rev.  H.  Shawe,  29  Ely  Place,  Ilolborn, 

London,  E.  C. 

Kaestner,  Lewis . ...Okak,  Labrador,  care  of  Rev.  II.  Shawe,  29  Ely  Place,  Ilolborn, 

London,  E.  C. 

Kegel,  Charles  Frederick . Genadendal,  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa,  via  Southampton. 

Kinsey,  Calvin  R . New  Westfield,  Ottawa  P.  O.,  Franklin  Co.,  Kansas. 

Koegel,  Henry  Augustus,  Superintendent,  Friedrichsthal,  Greenland,  care  of  II.  H.  Wolter,  Storm- 

gade  No.  21,  Copenhagen,  Denmark 

Kramer,  Charles  William . Ebenezer,  Dimboola,  Victoria,  Australia. 

Kretschmer,  Charles  Gottlieb . Hebron,  Labrador,  care  of  Rev.  H.  Shawe,  29  Ely  Place,  Ilolborn, 

London,  E.  C. 

Kuehn,  John  Frederick  William,  President  of  Mission  Board,  Bertheisdorf,  near  Herrnhut,  Saxony. 

Kunnick,  Frederick  William . Mamre,  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa,  via  Southampton. 

Knnnick,  Henry  Augustus . Elim,  “  “  “  “ 

Kuschnig,  Ernst  Charles . Paramaribo,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas. 

Langerfeld,  Eugene,  Superintendent,  “  “  “  “ 

Larsen,  Peter . Beaufort,  New  Market  P.  O.,  Jamaica,  British  W.  1. 

Lehman,  C  E . Paramaribo,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas. 

Leibert,  Eugene,  Member  of  American  Board  North  and  Agent  of  Missions,  Nazareth,  Northampton 

Co.,  Pa. 

Leinbach,  James,  Agent  of  Missions  South,  Salem,  Forsyth  Co.,  N.  C. 

Lemmerz,  Charles  Augustus . Mamre,  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa,  via  Southampton. 

Liebich,  Charles  Gottlieb . Shilo,  Whittlesea,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  South  Africa. 

Lichtenthaeler,  Samuel,  Superintendent,  Moriah,  Tobago,  British  W.  1. 

Lind,  Alfred . New  Hope,  New  Market  P.  O  ,  Jamaica,  British  W.  1. 

Linsi,  Albert . Paramaribo,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas. 

Lundberg,  John  Eugene,  Superintendent,  Bluefieids,  Mosquitia,  care  of  Augustin  &  Scott,  Greytown, 

Nicaragua. 

Martin,  Charles  Augustus, . Mosquitia,  care  of  Augustin  &  Scott,  Greytown,  Nicaragua. 

Martin,  Gottlob  Ferdinand,  Member  of  Unitifs  Elders^  Conference,  Bertheisdorf,  near  Herrnhut, 

Saxony. 

Marx,  Herman  Benno . Wittewater,  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa,  via  Southampton. 

Mazwi,  Samuel . . . Baziya  P.  O.,  Clarkebury,  Transkei,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  via 

Southampton. 

Meili,  John  Henry . Labrador,  care  of  Rev.  H.  Shawe,  29  Ely  Place,  Ilolborn,  Lon¬ 

don,  E.  C. 

Meissel,  Gottlieb . Catharine  Sophia,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  care  of  Kersten  &  Co.,  Para¬ 

maribo. 

Menze,  John  Godfrey . Clevia,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  care  of  Kersten  &  Co  ,  Paramaribo. 

Merian,  Herman,  Treasurer  of  Foreign  Missions,  Herrnhut,  Saxony. 

Moderau,  John  Frederick . Patrick  Town,  Newport  P.  O.,  Jamaica,  British  W.  1. 

Morrish,  Alexander  C . St.  Thomas,  Danish  W.  1. 

Mueller,  Henry,  Member  of  Unity's  Elders'  Conference,  Bertheisdorf,  near  Herrnhut,  Saxony. 

Nakin,  John, . 'I'inana,  care  of  I.  Thomson,  Esq.,  Magistrate  at  the  Gatberg 

(Ngangaru)  P.  O.,  Umtata,  via  King  Williamstown,  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  South  Africa,  via  Southampton. 

Niebert,  Frederick  Theodore . Newfield,  Antigua,  British  W.  I, 

Norton,  Alexander . Bethany,  St.  Johns,  Danish  W.  I. 

Oppelt,  Nicholas . Wittewater,  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa,  via  Southampton. 

Padel,  Herman  Otto . . . Tinana,  care  of  I.  Thomson,  Esq.,  Magistrate  at  the  Gatberg 

(Ngangaru)  P.  O.,  Umtata,  via  King  Williamstown,  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  South  Africa,  via  Southampton. 


38 


MISSIONABY  MANUAL  AND  DIRECTORY 


Names.  Post  Office  Address. 

Pagell,  John  Lewis  Edward . Poo,  Kunawur,  Kangra  District,  Punjab,  North  India,  via  South¬ 

ampton. 

Pemsel,  J.  F.,  Business  Manager,  32  Fetter  Lane,  London,  E,  C.,  England. 

Peper,  Henry . Paramaribo,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas. 

Peper,  William  Henry . Bluefields,  Mosquitia,  care  of  Augustin  &  Scott,  Greytown.  Ni¬ 

caragua. 

Pinnock,  John  F . Bethany,  Mosquitia,  care  of  Augustin  &  Scott,  Greytown,  Nicara¬ 

gua. 

Pulkrabek,  John  Paul . Bethany,  Mile  Gully,  Jamaica,  British  W.  I. 

Raat?,  Charles  William . Berg-en-dal,  Surinam,  S.  A  ,  care  of  Kersten  &  Co.,  Paramaribo. 

Redslob,  Frederick  Adolph . Kyelang,  Lahoul,  Kangra  District,  Punjab,  North  India,  via 

Bombay  and  Southampton. 

Reichel,  Gustavus  Theodore,  Member  of  Unity’s  Elders'  Conference,  Berthelsdorf,  near  Herrnhut, 

Saxony. 

Reichel,  Henry  Levin,  Member  of  Unity's  Elders’  Conference,  Berthelsdorf,  near  Herrnhut,  Saxony. 

Reichel,  Theophilus  C.,  “  “  “  “  “  “ 

Reichel,  Eugene,  Member  of  Mission  Board,  Berthelsdorf,  near  Herrnhut,  Saxony. 

Reinke,  Edwin  G.,  Superintendent,  Fairfield,  May  Hill  P.  O.,  Jamaica,  British  W.  1. 

Renkewitz,  Ernst  Adolphus . Paramaribo,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas. 

Richter,  Alwin . Elukolweni  (Rinira)  care  of  Resident  Magistrate,  Matatil,  East 

Griqualand,  via  King  Williamstown,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  S.  A., 
via  Southampton. 

Riegel,  Adolphus . Umanak,  Greenland,  care  of  H.  H.  Wolter,  Stormgade  No.  21, 

Copenhagen,  Denmark. 

Riess,  Frederick  Theodore,  Secretary  of  Unity’s  Elders’  Conference,  Berthelsdorf,  near  Herrnhut, 

Saxony. 

Rights,  Theodore  M . Tahlequah  P.  O.,  Cherokee  Nation,  Indian  Territory,  N.  America. 

Rights,  Lewis,  President  American. Board  South,  Kernersville,  N.  C. 

Rinderknecht,  Frederick . Labrador,  care  of  Rev.  H.  Shawe,  29  Ely  Place,  Holborn,  Lon¬ 

don,  E.  C. 

Ritter  Ernst  Henry . Hopedale,  Labrador,  care  of  Rev.  H.  Shawe,  29  Ely  Place,  IIol- 

born,  London,  E.  C. 

Robbins,  William,  Member  British  Provincial  Board,  47  Wilberforce  Road,  Finsbury  Park,  London,  N. 

Roberts,  John . Montgomery,  Tobago,  British  W.  I. 

Roberts,  Miss  Ellen . St.  Johns,  Antigua,  British  W.  I. 

Romig,  Benjamin  J.,  Sujjerintendent,  St.  Johns,  Antigua,  British  W.  I.- 

Rondthaler,  Edward,  American  Provincial  Board  South,  Salem,  Forsyth  Co.,  N.  C. 

Schick,  Charles: . Springfield,  New  Market  P.  O.,  Jamaica,  British  W.  1. 

Schoebel,  Frederick  William . Genadendal,  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa,  via  Southampton. 

Schmidt,  Adolphus  Emil . Mamre,  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa,  via  Southampton. 

Schneider,  John  George . Okak,  Labrador,  care  of  Rev.  Shawe,  29  Ely  Place,  Holborn, 

London,  E  C. 

Schulze,  Gustavus  Renatus . Hopedale,  Labrador,  care  of  Rev.  H.  Shawe,  29  Ely  Place,  IIol- 

born,  London,  E.  0. 

Schweinitz,  Edmund  de.  President  American  Provincial  Board  North,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

Shawe,  Henry,  Secretary  of  Missions,  29  Ely  Place,  Holborn,  London,  E.  C.,  England. 

Sieboerger,  William . Ephrata,  Mosquitia,  care  of  Augustin  &  Scott,  Greytown, Nicaragua. 

Slotta,  Charles  Adolphus . Zoar,  Labrador,  care  of  Rev.  H.  Shawe,  29  Ely  Place,  Holborn, 

London,  E.  C. 

Smith,  Frederick . Ephrata,  Mosquitia,  cai-e  of  Augustin  &  Sqott,  Greytown,  Nicaragua. 

Smyth,  Callender, . Fairfield,  Mayhill  P.  O.,  Jamaica,  British  W.  I. 

Spindler,  Charles  Julius . New  Herrnhut,  Greenland,  care  of  H.  H.  Wolter,  Stormgade  No. 

21,  Copenhagen,  Denmark. 

Starik,  Martin . Greenland,  care  of  11.  II.  Wolter,  Stormgade  No.  21,  Copenhagen, 

Denmark. 

Staude,  Andrew  Charles . Paramaribo,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas. 

Stephan,  John  George . Goshen,  Whittlesea,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  S.  A.,  via  Southampton. 

Stoltz,  Frederick  William . Clarkson  P.  O.,  Krome  River,  Cape  Colony,  S.  A.,  via  Southampton. 


OF  THE  MORAVIAN  CHURCH. 


Xamea.  l^ost  Office.  Address. 

Stoltz,  Gustavus  William . Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas. 

Stoltz,  Edward  Christian,  Secretary  Unity^s  Elders'  Conference,  Berthelsdorf,  near  Ilerrnhut,  Sa-Kony. 
Summersill,  James . Friedensthal,  St.  Croi.x,  Danish  W.  I. 

Taylor,  William,  Mission  Agent  and  Member  o  f  British  Provincial  Board,  32  Fetter  Lane,  London, 

E.  C.,  England. 

Tempel,  Ernst  Lewis . Paramaribo,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St  Thomas. 

Thomas,  William  W . Gracebay,  Antigua,  British  W.  1. 

Thomas,  John . Bethesda,  St.  Kitts,  British  W.  1. 

Tietze,  Charles  Herman . Shilo,  Whittlesea,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  S  A  ,  via  Southampton. 

Turner,  James . Gracehill,  Antigua,  British  W.  1. 

Uh,  Herman  Frederick . Montgomery,  Tobago,  British  W.  1. 

Van  Vleck,  Henry  J  ,  American  Provincial  Board,  Gnadenhuetten,  Tuscarawas  Co.,  Ohio 
Van  Calker,  Theophilus  C.,  Member  of  Unity's  Elders  Conference,  Berthelsdorf,  near  Ilerrnhut,  Saxony. 
Van  Rocnn,  Schabbel  &  Co.,  Agents,  Port  Elizabeth,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  S.  A 
Voss,  C.  J.  M.,  Agent,  No.  46  Buitengracht,  Capetown,  South  Africa. 

Wagner,  Charles  Augustus . Elim,  Cape  Colony,  S.  Africa,  via  Southampton. 

Walder,  Henry . Mizpah  and  Broadleaf,  Shooter's  Hill  P.  O.,  Jamaica,  British  W.  1. 

Walsh,  Robert .  Mt.  Tabor,  Barbados,  British  W.  1. 

Ward,  James . Friedensthal,  St.  Croix,  Danish  W.  1. 

Warner,  Samuel . Niesky,  St  Thomas,  Danish  W.  1. 

Warnow,  Matthew . Lichtenau,  Greenland,  care  of  H  H.  Wolter,  StOrmgade  No.  21, 

Copenhagen,  Denmark. 

Wedeman,  John  Gustavus . Genadendal,  Cape  Colony,  S.  A.,  via  Southampton. 

Weigel,  Charles  Augustus . Charlottenburg,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas,  care  of  Kersten 

&  Co.,  Paramaribo. 

Weiler,  Frederick  Thomas . Okak,  Labrador,  care  of  Rev.  11.  Shawe,  29  Ely  Place,  Ilolborn, 

London,  E.  C. 

Weiss,  Henry  Matthew . Cedarhall,  Antigua,  British  W.  1. 

Weiz,  Samuel . Rama,  Mosquitia,  care  of  Augustin  &  Scott,  Greytown,  Nicaragua. 

Weiz,  Ernst  Thomas,  Superintendent,  Shilo,  Whittlesea,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  S.  A.,  via  Southampton. 
Wenzel,  Julius . % . Paramaribo,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  via  St.  Thomas. 

Wied,  Herman . Herrendyk,  Surinam,  S.  A.,  care  of  Kersten  &  Co.,  Paramaribo, 

via  St.  Thomas. 

Winkler,  Theophilus . New  Carmel,  New  Market  P.  O.,  Jamaica,  British  W.  1. 

Wirth,  Frederick  Augustus . Nain,  Labrador,  care  of  Rev.  H  Shawe,- 29  Ely  Place,  Holbofn, 

London,  E.  C. 

Wolter,  H.  H.,  Agent,  Stormgade  21,  Copenhagen,  Denmark. 

Zachert,  Henry . Genadendal,  Cape  Colony,  S.  A.,  via  Southampton. 

Ziock,  Henry . ; . Ephrata,  Mosquitia,  care  of  Augustin  &  Scott,  Greytown, Nicaragua. 

Zippel,  Edwin,  Superintendent,  Basseterre,  St.  Kitts,  British  W  1. 

Zimmerman,  Traugott  W . Enon,  Port  Elizabeth  South  Alrica,  via  Southampton. 

Zucher,  Traugott . Umanak,  Greenland,  care  of  H.  H.  Wolter,  Stormgade  No.  21, 

Copenhagen,  Denmark. 

Zwelibanzi,  John . Clarkson,  Krorne  River,  Cape  Colony,  S.  A  ,  via- Southampton. 


Remarks. — Labrador. — All  letters  for  Labrador  must  be  in 
the  bands  of  the  Rev.  PI.  Shawe  before  the  1st  of  June. 

Packages  and  boxes  are  to  be  sent,  before  the  1st  of  June,  to 
Messrs.  J.  A  E.  Carter j  65  Basinghalt  Street,  London,  E.  C. 


40 


MISSIONARY  MANUAL  AND  DIRECTORY. 


Australia. — Packages  and  boxes  are  to  be  sent  via  Southampton 
to  the  care  of  Messrs.  Grice,  Sumner  &  Co.,  Melhorne,  Victoria, 
Australia. 

South  Africa. — Packages  and  l)oxes  are  to  be  sent  via  South¬ 
ampton,  either  to  C.  J.  M.  Vos,  No.  46  Buetengracht,  Capetown,  or 
Messrs.  Van  Roenn,  Schabbel  A  Co.,  Port  Elizabeth,  South  Africa. 

West  Indies. — Letters  to  the  West  Indies  must  be  sent  by 
steamer  from  New  York,  leaving  the  20th  of  each  month.  To 
some  of  the  Islands  they  may  occasionally  be  sent  by  sailing  vessels. 

Mosquitia. — Letters  to  Mosquitia  may  occasionally  be  sent  by 
sailing  vessels,  directly  from  New  York,  care  of  G.  Wessels,  No. 
74  Fi'ont  St.,  New  York. 

Surinam.- — Letters  to  Surinam  may  be  sent  also  by  way  of  Hol¬ 
land,  care  of  Alessrs.  Cramer,  Haighton  A  Co.,  Amsterdam. 

In  addressing  letters  to  the  Missionaries  add  to  the  name  of  the 
station  the  words  Moravian  Mission.’^ 


Donations  to  the  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Moravian  Church  are 
received  by  the  Rev.  Eugene  Leibert,  Nazareth,  Northampton  Co., 
Fa.,  and  by  James  T.  Leinbach,  Salem,  Foy'syth  Co.,  N.  C. 


Form  of  Bequest. — give  and  bequeath  unto  ^  The  Board  of 
Elders  of  the  Northern  Diocese  of  the  Church  of  the  United  Breth¬ 
ren  in  the  United  States  of  America,^  the  sum  of - dollars, 

for  the  cause  of  Foreign  Missions  in  said  Church,’^ 


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